Classical Essays - Behaviorism, Learning, Experimental Psychology

Old style What's more, Operant Conditioning Old style molding and operant molding are diverse learning strategies. The two strategies share the word molding practically speaking. What is molding? Molding is the procurement of explicit examples of conduct in the nearness of all around characterized improvements. Both old style and operant molding are essential structures of learning. Traditional molding is a sort of learning wherein a life form figures out how to move a characteristic reaction starting with one improvement then onto the next, already nonpartisan boost. This is finished by controlling reflexes. Operant molding is a kind of learning wherein the probability of a conduct is expanded or diminished by the utilization of support or discipline. Operant molding bargains with progressively intellectual perspective. These two types of learning have likenesses and contrasts. Their likenesses are that the two of them produce essential wonders. One such marvel is obtaining. The two kinds of molding bring about the legacy of a conduct. One of the most celebrated of analyses that delineates traditional molding is Pavlov's Dogs. In this test, Pavlov sat behind a single direction reflect and controlled the introduction of a chime. The ringer was the molded upgrade. An adapted improvement was an initially nonpartisan improvement that could in the long run produce an ideal reaction when introduced alone. Straightforwardly after the ringing of the ringer, Pavlov gave the canine food. The food was the unconditioned improvement. This implies the food caused an wild reaction at whatever point it was introduced alone. That reaction would be the salivation of the canine. A cylinder that was in the canine's mouth at that point estimated the spit. At the point when the unconditioned upgrade (US) was matched with an adapted upgrade (CS), it in the end brought about a molded reaction. Eradication results if there is a decline in recurrence or quality of an educated reaction because of the inability to keep on blending the US and the CS. Elimination can likewise happen in operant molding. The way to operant molding is support. Support is the point at which an improvement is introduced that builds the likelihood that the first reaction will repeat later on. On the off chance that fortification is retained, termination will happen in operant molding. Another factor that is engaged with molding is unconstrained recuperation. That is the return of an quenched reaction after the progression of time, moving forward without any more preparing. On the off chance that Pavlov's pooches didn't hear the chime for a couple of years, and if when they heard it later they slobbered, it would be a case of unconstrained recuperation. Something comparative happens with operant molding. In the event that a creature was molded to carry on in a specific estate, yet then their fortification was halted, that creature may still have a response to the improvement at an a lot later date. Living beings that are being molded through operant or old style molding can experience something that is known as improvement speculation. This is when there is a move of an educated reaction to various however comparative boosts. A model would be in the event that one of Pavlov's mutts salivated to the sound of a chime that was unique in relation to the one that they were initially adapted with. Boost separation is another wonders that happens with traditional and operant molding. Separation is the point at which a living being figures out how to react to just one improvement and repress the reaction to every different boost. It is the converse of speculation. In the event that a living being hears various sounds, yet is just given fortification for reacting to just one of the sounds, it figures out how to separate between the sounds. A portion of the contrasts among operant and old style molding lie in the degree to which fortification relies upon the conduct of the student. In old style molding, the student is consequently fortified. That is the way it figures out how to react to a once impartial improvement. In operant molding, the student must give a right reaction so as to gotten the fortification. Another distinction between the two types of molding is the kind of conduct to which every technique applies. Old style molding applies to a conduct that is constantly needed. It was Pavlov's reason to have the canines salivate on order. In operant molding, a conduct can be learned or doused. On the off chance that you needed to prepare a pooch not to do something, you would utilize a type of discipline. Old style and operant molding are comparative, however they do vary in a couple of ways. Both are decently solid approaches to show a living being to act in a particular estate.

Charities free essay sample

The lawful meaning of noble cause has truly been to some degree tricky and stands unmistakable from any comprehension of good cause in a general or well known sense. As Lord Wright watched, in its lawful sense the word â€Å"charitable is an expression of workmanship, of exact and specialized meaning†[1]. Viscount Simmonds further commented that, â€Å"no thorough meaning of lawful cause has been given either by governing body or in legal articulation, there is no restriction to the number and decent variety of manners by which man will look to profit his individual men†. The Preamble to the Charitable Uses Act 1601, additionally alluded to as the Statute of Elizabeth I, contained a rundown of purposes which were then viewed as magnanimous. It expected a focal job for the courts as a source of perspective point or list of acknowledged occasions of good cause until right around 300 years after the fact when Lord MacNaughten in the Pemsel case, broadly grouped beneficent articles into four head divisions: (I) trusts for the alleviation of destitution, (ii) trusts for the headway of training, (iii) trusts for the progression of religion, (iv) confides in advantageous to the network not falling under any of the former heads. We will compose a custom paper test on Good cause or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These four heads of good cause were utilized as reference at whatever point the inalienable magnanimous nature of a reason or establishment was addressed until the Charities Act 2006 got imperial consent. Segment 2(2) of the 2006 Act presently gives a cutting edge legal meaning of good cause by posting 13 depictions of purposes regarded altruistic at law. So as to be magnanimous, an association must be built up for at least one purposes inside the depictions perceived by the law as fit for being altruistic, and for the open advantage. Good cause law in England and Wales includes created inside the setting of the conventional monotheistic religions yet it has grasped for a long time religions other than Christianity and Judaism. In Bowman[3], Lord Parker adequately held that it was not simply the advancement of Christianity that would be perceived yet that the Courts of this nation were not blocked â€Å"from offering impact to trusts for the motivations behind religions which, anyway sacrosanct they might be to a great many His Majestys subjects, either preclude reality from securing Christianity or, at any rate, don't acknowledge a portion of its central doctrines†. Besides in the Commission’s Scientology[4] choice it was immovably settled that â€Å"The law doesn't incline toward one religion to another and as between religions the law stands neutral†[5]. The English courts have, for quite a while, opposed intently characterizing what makes some conviction frameworks strict and others not. Anyway in the Scientology case, the Commissioners acknowledged that there are different qualities of religion which can be observed from the lawful specialists: †¢ Belief in a divine being or a god or preeminent being †R v Registrar General[6] †¢ Two of the fundamental properties of religion are confidence and love: confidence in a divine being and love of that god South Place Ethical Society[7] †¢ To propel religion implies â€Å"to advance it, to spread the message ever more extensive among humanity; to find a way to continue and increment strict conviction and these things are done in an assortment of ways which might be completely portrayed as peaceful and missionary†. Joined Grand Lodge v Holborn BC[8]. Having thought about these qualities, the Commissioners presumed that the meaning of a religion in English foundation law was described by a faith in a preeminent being and an outflow of that conviction through love. This definition is additionally refined in the 2006 Act where s2 (3) a gives a halfway meaning of the word religion. In any case, the law doesn't naturally perceive as a religion everything that may assign itself as a religion and there are a few standards to which a reason must adjust on the off chance that it is to be viewed as inside the Charities Act’s portrayal of ‘the headway of religion’. These general standards are assembled from the customary law of England and Wales yet in addition consider the collection of law which has created concerning the European Convention right to opportunity of thought, inner voice and religion. As a general suggestion, for its headway to be fit for being beneficent in this unique situation, a religion ought to have a specific degree of cogency, reality, soundness and importance[9]. Additionally, so as to be magnanimous for the progression of religion, the substance of any arrangement of confidence and love must be of a positive sort, affecting usefully on the network. Sir John Wickens, V-C. in Cocks v Manners[10] watched: â€Å"It is stated, in a portion of the cases, that strict intentions are altruistic, however that must be valid as to strict administrations tending straightforwardly or in a roundabout way towards the guidance or the illumination of the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Consequently, to be magnanimous a strict reason must be not kidding, tend straightforwardly or by implication to the good and profound improvement of general society just as being for the open advantage. In Holmes v Attorney General[11] Walton J remarked: â€Å"†¦ It isn't to help the disciples of the religion themselves that the law gives beneficent status, it is in light of a legitimate concern for people in general. † Hence, as a general recommendation, on account of foundation for the headway of religion the reason must not just be to serve the supporters of the specific religion. Some time ago, the suggestion expressed that â€Å"as between various religions the law stands impartial, however it expect that any religion is in any event prone to be better than none†[12]. Cultivator J in Re Watson[13] considered a case for the distribution and conveyance of the fundamentalist Christian works of a person where he cited authority that the court doesn't incline toward one religion or group to another and said that where the reasons being referred to are of a strict sort then the court accept an open advantage except if the opposite is shown†. He at that point proceeded to state that the main method of refuting an open advantage is to show that the conventions instilled are unfavorable to the very establishments of all religion, and that they are incendiary of all profound quality. In any case, that piece of the judgment being conflicting with the judgment of the court of bid and assessments given by the House of Lords in Gilmour v Coats, where it was held: â€Å"†¦the question whether a trust is advantageous to people in general is an altogether extraordinary one from the inquiry whether a trust is for the progression of religion†, it isn't respected an authoritative. Since the Charities Act 2006, there is not, at this point any assumption that, on the grounds that a reason falls inside the portrayal â€Å"the headway of religion†, it is for the open advantage. Area 3(2) of the Act gives: â€Å"In deciding if [the open benefit] prerequisite is fulfilled according to any †¦purpose, it isn't to be assumed that a reason for a specific depiction is for the open benefit†. Subsequently, with the expulsion of the assumption and in the cutting edge setting the recommendation may now be deciphered as implying that propelling religion can be viewed as an open decent if such headway can be exhibited to be corresponding to a framework having a favorable and positive substance which is being progressed to support people in general. Throughout the years, there are a few purposes which, regardless of being useful and strict and undoubtedly genuinely strict, didn't fall inside the legitimate structure. For instance, encouraging private devotion, in spite of the fact that being a strict action, is certainly not an altruistic reason because of the nonattendance helpful for people in general. In Cocks v Manners[14] (supra) it was said that â€Å"a intentional relationship of ladies to work out their own salvation by strict activities and abstinence appears to have none of the imperatives of a beneficent organization. † In the Re Joy[15] case it was held that the genuine item mulled over by the deceased benefactor was the non-beneficent motivation behind progress of the enrollment of a general public by petition. Further, in Re White[16], it was held that â€Å"a society for the advancement of private petition and commitments by its own individuals and which has no more extensive degree, no open component, and no reason for general utility would not be charitable†. Ruler Simonds in the Gilmour[17] case later affirmed the choice in Cocks v Manners and said that exercises â€Å"good in themselves however exclusively intended to profit people related to make sure about that advantage, which might not have a few repercussions or noteworthy impacts helpful to some segment of the general community† don't meet the essentials of an altruistic establishment. In Re Warre’s Will Trusts, on the matter of a retreat house, Harman J stated: â€Å"Activities which don't in any capacity influence the general population or any area of it are not beneficent. Devout examination and supplication are, no uncertainty, useful for the spirit, and might be of advantage by some intercessory procedure, of which the law fails to acknowledge, yet they are not altruistic exercises. † Thus, in Re Hetherington[18] it was held that the festival of a strict ritual in private doesn't contain the essential component of open advantage since any advantage of petition or model is unequipped for verification in the legitimate sense and any component of profound or good improvement (illumination) is restricted to a private not open class of those present at the festival. Notwithstanding, in a similar case it was additionally held that the holding of a strict assistance which is available to people in general is fit for giving a â€Å"sufficient open advantage in view of the enlightening and improving impact of such celebrat

How to convert Blu-ray to MP4 [GUIDE]

How to convert Blu-ray to MP4 [GUIDE] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How to convert Blu-ray to MP4? [GUIDE]Updated On 02/01/2018Author : Ram kumarTopic : Web AppsShort URL : https://hbb.me/2Dm3XY1 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWondering how to convert Blu-ray to MP4? Well if the answer is yes then we are here to help you out. On the internet, there are quite a lot of applications available that lets you get done with the job. Some of the applications are available for free and some application comes with a license key. Talking about the free applications, well most of such application comes with a free trial like you can convert only 50MB of the file or you can use the software 20 times. Hence it becomes a pain in the ass to work with such freebies applications.However, apart from such free applications, there are so many applications available and one of them is the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper. The application comes with a trial version as well as a premium version. If we talk about its features, Well with the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper software you will not just be able to convert Blu-ray to MP4. But the application allows you convert the Blu-ray disk in 180 different media file formats. Including 4K, 1080p, 720P and so on, you can also convert the files in mp3, AAC, FLV, FLAC and so on. As the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper supports too many file format hence it becomes easy to run the converted files on different media player platforms. Such as you can play the converted media on your iPhone or Android smartphone. You can also play the files on your Xbox or PlayStation. In simple words, no matter which device you are using the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper converted files will work on any device without any issues. Also, the application can be installed on different windows versions such as Windows XP, Windows 7, 8 and 10. You can also install the application on your Macbook.Now lets talk about how can you convert the files using the Lea wo Blu-ray Ripper. So in order to convert the files here are all the steps that you have to follow:How to convert Blu-ray to MP4:First of all, go to the official website by visiting www.leawo.org/blu-ray-ripper.Then click on the Buy Now button and process with the payment and download process. You can also try out the trial version, however, if you want to use the software quite often. Then it is advisable to buy the software.Once you have downloaded the file double click on it and proceed ahead with the installation process. Simply follow all the screen instructions and you will get done with the installation.Now launch the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper. Also in meanwhile insert the Blu-ray disk in the disk drive.Now you have to load the Blu-ray files so simply click on the “Add Blu-ray/DVD” button.Now click on the MP4 button, and select your preferred file format. For example Blu-ray to MP4.Now hit the Burn button and you are all set to convert your files.READSlideHunter.com: Boost You r Productivity With Free Editable Templates For PowerPointAlso, the company is running the Christmas and New Years special offers now. The interesting part of the offer is that you have to vote for your favourite superheroes and you can win the company’s Christmas New Year holiday gifts for totally free. There is also a chance that you will get holiday special products at 40% discount and maybe you will get $10 Amazon or iTunes Gift Card for free.Apart from this interesting offer, the company also running a few more discounts for some specific products which include the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper software. You can get the application at 20% off. Also, you will get a $10 Amazon gift card for free. Apart from the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper software, the company also running for the same offer for iTunes DRM Removal application. So just in case if you are interested in that offer as well. Then do not forget to check out the page. To get the offer you have to visit to the http://www.leawo.org/pr omotion/special-offer/ web page.Also if you have questions regarding the application then you can comment below and we will surely help you out.

The Use Of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy - 1716 Words

Gilberto Ledesma MCDB 146: Research Proposal June 8, 2015 For a mouse to be rendered immune to the HIV-1 virus, it must have eighty-percent of its CD34+ cells genetically modified. Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a global issue that has infected an estimated 35 million people living today1. The strain HIV-1 has been of experimental concern for years in hopes of a cure. This retrovirus directly infects the immune system by binding helper T-cells via the CD4 receptor. This allows for integration of the viral RNA into the T-cells, and causes the immune system to weaken by killing these immune cells. Advancements in research led to the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment, however this does not cure the patient of HIV but it suppresses the viral replication of HIV-1 to very low levels2. In 2009, forms of HIV therapy took a new direction when a patient with both leukemia and HIV was cured of the HIV-1 infection following CD34+ peripheral-blood stem cell transplantation for his acute myeloid leukemia. After screening of the donor’s CD34+ peripheral-blood stem cells, he was found homozygous for the CCR5 ∆32 allele. The patient was cured of HIV-1 because the CCR5 protein on the CD34+ cell functions as a secondary receptor for the integration of HIV-1 into T-cells, so the absence of this receptor blocks this action3. Following this discovery, researchers proposed that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) couldShow MoreRelatedTesting And Treatment Of Hiv 12811 Words   |  12 PagesRESULTS: A wide variety of articles were reviewed that adopted a number of different study designs for their research. A number of different experiments were also looked at which demonstrated how resistances to certain HIV-1 anti-retrovirals are arising. As presented in the appendix, this specific section will evaluate the results from many randomized control trials (RCTs), case control studies, prospective cohort studies with and without controls, retrospective cohort studies with and without controlsRead More Gene Therapy for Cancer Essay4395 Words   |  18 Pagesto treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped by these therapies may be treated by gene therapy. Gene therapy is the insertion of a functional gene into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or repair an acquired genetic abnormality, and to provide a new function to a cell. Two basic types of gene therapy have been applied to humans, germinal and somatic (1). Germinal gene therapy, which introduces transgenic cells into the germ line as well as intoRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Inhumane And Inhumane946 Words   |  4 Pagesthe very beginning of animal testing had it pretty rough, they didn’t have the pain killers and the anesthetics that we use today. The thalidomide disaster shows a need for more animal testing, not less. If thalidomide had been properly tested on pregnant animals its potential for causing severe birth defects would have been discovered before the drug became legal for human use. The testing on animals showed that the drug induced birth defects in mice, rats, hamsters, marmosets, baboons, and theRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesremains incurable with no effective vaccines in place, nonetheless measures have been put in place to curb its transmission (Munier et al, 2011). The introdu ction of antiretroviral therapy has triggered a decrease in replication of HIV in the infected host (Connor, et al., 1994). In 1996, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) was introduced and astonishingly decreased the HIV morbidity and mortality, however, its efficacy requires strict adherence to lifelong treatment (Mocroft, et al., 2003;Read MoreThe Epidemic Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus2912 Words   |  12 Pagestransmitted through the mixing of body fluids via sexual intercourse, use of un sanitized medical equipment, during birth and while breast feeding. HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4 cells, which is a specific type of white blood cell that plays a major role in helping your body fight disease. Your immune system weakens as more CD4 cells are killed. You can have an HIV infection for years before it progresses to AIDS (4). HIV also uses the CD4 cell to multiply, as shown on figure 2. The CD4 cellsRead MoreA Research Paper About Human Immunodeficiency Virus6608 Words   |  27 Pagesof mother-to-child transmission of HIV. As a result, the infant HIV infections began to fall in developed countries. In 1995, the Joint United Nations Program on AIDS or UNAIDS, was established. Combination antiretroviral treatment was shown to be highly effective against HIV in 1996. The next year, HIV/AIDS deaths began to decline in developed countries due to the new drugs. Brazil was the first developing country to begin providing free combination treatment. In 2002, the Global Fund was establishedRead MoreThe Prevention Of Infectious Disease1596 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined by diagnosis of an AIDS defining characteristic or a CD4 blood cell count of 200 cells/ µL. (Hare) Treatment options for Those Infected with HIV HIV is treated using a drug regimen known as HAART, which stands for Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. (Antiretroviral Therapy) This treatment consists of a personalized regimen of antiretroviral drugs that fall under five major categories, these categories are: Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Non-Nucleoside Reverse TranscriptaseRead More Tuberculosis is A Global Disease Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesby a number of factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, lack of health care, lack of knowledge, and new drug resistant strains. Globally, TB is second only to HIV/AIDS as a cause of illness and death of adults, accounting for nearly nine million cases of active disease and two million deaths every year (WHO declares TB an emergency in Africa Para 4). Microscopic droplets spread TB when an infected person talks, coughs, laughs, sneezes, or sings. It usually takes prolonged exposure with an infected personRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Disease1710 Words   |   7 Pagesultimately responsible for patient death (Farnham et al., 2013). Due to the spotlight that HIV/AIDS has received, and years of advancing research, what was previously a death sentence is now a chronic disease that can be managed with access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Though ART is not a cure for HIV/AIDS, it helps to lengthen and improve the quality of life for those who have access (Farnham et al., 2013). In comparison, infection with Ebola is typically very short in duration and has a much higherRead MoreHiv Introduction10077 Words   |  41 Pagesworlds 16.6 million children orphaned by HIV.[6] Treatment with antiretroviral drugs reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection.[8] Although antiretroviral medication is still not universally available, expansion of antiretroviral therapy programs since 2004 has helped to turn the tide of AIDS deaths and new infections in many parts of the world.[6] Intensified awareness and preventive measures, as well as the natural course of the epidemic, have also played a role. Nevertheless, an

Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson - 1964 Words

Jake Gallo Professor Underwood English 1B 4 May, 2016 Unassailable Truth in the Lottery Society can have a great effect on one’s actions and thoughts of truth. Some believe there is an idea of an unassailable truth, which is a truth that cannot be deemed false. This ideology is brought to the forefront in Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† (1948), a short story in which a small village of about 300 people stone one of their own each year as part of a cultural tradition. In this story the focus is on a woman named Tess Hutchinson, or â€Å"Tessie† is the victim of the stoning. To demonstrate the villager’s mentality towards the ottery a quote by the towns elder, Old Man Warner, gives his opinion on the lottery â€Å"Used to be a saying ‘Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon’ First thing you know, we’d all be eating chickweed and acorns. There’s always been a lottery.† (Jackson 262). There is another village addressed in this story, however it is briefly touched on and it is made aware to the reader that the other village has stopped participating in the lottery. The villagers have this mentality that the lottery should not be questioned, showing ignorance to all other alternatives and ending the lottery all together. Many analysts of â€Å"The Lottery† address tradition being shown in the story. In his article â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Literary Discourse and the Allegation of Feminism as Socio-Cultural Subversion in Mid-Twentieth Century America† (2011) Gustavo Vargas Cohen, a faculty member at theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson744 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† - For Analysis 1. There are multiple examples to suggest that â€Å"The Lottery† is a ritualistic ceremony. In several instances â€Å"The Lottery† is referred to as a ritual: â€Å"..so much of the ritual had been forgotten..† and â€Å"†¦because so much of the ritual had been forgotten†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In addition, the ceremony happens annually on June 27th, a t0:00 a.m., suggesting a ceremonial quality. This happens with such regularity that the citizens â€Å"†¦only half listened to the directions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This ceremonyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing other people may have a positive or negative effect, but when it reaches a certain point where you blindly follow others it may not have a positive outcome. â€Å"The Lottery† made by Shirley Jackson is about a small community of villagers that gather together every year to perform a tradition. All of the villagers gather together and draw small sl ips of paper from a black wooden box, whoever draws the first slip with the black dot on it, their family has to draw first. Now all of the membersRead More Analysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948. The story takes place in a village square of a town on June 27th. The author does not use much emotion in the writing to show how the barbaric act that is going on is look at as normal. This story is about a town that has a lottery once a year to choose who should be sacrificed, so that the town will have a plentiful year for growing crops. Jackson has many messages about human nature in this shortRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrateRead MoreEssay on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: an Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesKouyialis EN102: Composition II Professor Eklund The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: An Analysis The short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948 and takes place in a small town, on the 27th of June. In this story, the lottery occurs every year, around the summer solstice. All families gather together to draw slips of paper from a black box. When reading this story, it is unclear the full premise of the lottery until near the end. The heads of households are the firstRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1534 Words   |  7 Pages Literary Analysis: â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a short story written in 1948. Due to World War II ending around this time, her story took some strong criticism. The people at that time wanted uplifting stories, and this story is the very opposite because of its underlying theme of tradition and conformity. â€Å"The Lottery† shows that no matter the tradition or belief, people will not stray from their daily routine because humans are creatures of habitRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson773 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story, The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson, is about a small village or some type of society with a yearly tradition called, the lottery. From what the reader may read online, they may find out that during the time period Jackson wrote this, she was interested in magic and witchcraft. Not only that she was also rumored to have gotten rocks thrown at her by children who believed she was a witch. One may also say, that the story wa s absolutely unique and the ending completely shockingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1060 Words   |  5 Pagesthird point of view about other but our view are mostly to always limited, not knowing everything. In a story called â€Å"Charles† by Shirley Jackson, the author creates a limited first point of view of Laurels mother where the reader reads and understand only what Laurie’s mother understand and see. In the other story also written by Shirley Jackson called â€Å"The Lottery†, the story proceed at a limited third point of view where the reader understands more ideas. Although each storied have a differentRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish author, When we blindly adopt a religion, a political system, a literary dogma, we become automatons. We cease to grow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her s hort story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon of June 27. This event is said to be olderRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis802 Words   |  4 PagesIf everyone else was doing something, would you? Or maybe if someone needed to be stood up for, would you have their back? In The Lottery, people do follow other people blindly. And the consequences are devastating. But in First They Came, not having someone’s back might get you in the same position†¦ The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story that takes place in a small village on a warm summer day. Little boy’s run around in boisterous play, collecting small stones into a pile. As the adults gather

Sigmund Freud and Defense Mechanism Essays - 1302 Words

Sigmund Freud began studying human defense mechanisms in the late 1800s. His work became a solid foundation for the continued study into this topic for the last century, especially in regards to the work of his daughter, Anna Freud. Anna Freud believed that identifying a patient’s way of defending himself against his undesirable instincts would help psychotherapist discover the root of â€Å"unwelcome affects† (A. Freud, 1936, p. 32 via Sollod, Wilson and Monte, 2009, p. 199). Although there are a multitude of defense mechanisms to consider in psychoanalytic psychology, the five chosen for discussion include repression, denial, projection, displacement, and sublimation. The Harm in Use of Defense Mechanisms Indiscriminately The use of any one†¦show more content†¦This means that the individual experiencing repression is no longer aware at all of whatever experience or memory is being repressed. The individual is not consciously aware of its occurrence; it is the mind’s way of completely blocking out an experience in order to avoid anxiety. An example of repression is an individual who suffers from acrophobia who cannot remember when he became afraid of heights is experiencing repression of the memory of the anxiety-provoking occurrence with heights. Although repression is an extremely common defense mechanism, it is also a potentially extremely harmful defense as well. An article published in 2010 discusses a possible link between the indiscriminate use of the repressive defense mechanism in schizophrenic patients (Scholes Martin, 2010). The same article addresses that repressors tend to â€Å"overestimate their own level of physiological resilience† (Scholes Martin, 2010, p. 406). That tendency could potentially lead to issues in that the individual does not take necessary precautions to ensure their own good health and well being due to the belief that they are at less risk than they actually are. Denial Along with repression, denial is found to be another one of the most commonly used defense mechanisms in human behavior. Denial involves the â€Å"blocking of external events from entry into awareness† by â€Å"negating† possibly anxiousShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Defense Mechanisms1803 Words   |  8 PagesSigmund Freud: Defense Mechanisms   Sigmund Freud was a psychoanalytic theorist and practitioner who strongly emphasized   the unconscious processes and biological drives that guide our behavior.   He asserted that instincts are the propelling forces of our personality, and that they originate in the id (the unconscious part of our personality that works on the pleasure principle, and is a reservoir of our instincts and libido). 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Business Law The Administrative Assistants

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for The Administrative Assistants. Answer: 1. Issue Tenders were called for by the University of Millennia for the supply of green seed for the surroundings. The last date of submitting the tenders was 1st June. Three tenders were submitted by three parties Greenland, Enviro and Plant Forever. The tender of Greenland was delivered in hand and was put into the tender box on 29 May. The tender of Enviro has been posted on May 15 but the University received it on May 17. One of the administrative assistants filed it with a thought of putting the tender in the box later as it was submitted very early. Plant Forevers tender was posted on May 30. The letter has been put into the tender box although it has been received on June 2. The tender of Enviro was containing attracting characteristics but it was not considered as the assistant forgot the place where she had filed it and got after one week of making decision. Because of the general talk that is made of the uncertain activity of Greenland, Plant Forever got the contract. The letter tha t was sent to Plant Forever by the University to inform them about the contract, did not reach to them. A postal worker who has been made redundant has destroyed it. Plant Forever has entered into some other contract as no information has been provided to them. Later on the University came to know about the situation of Enviro and Plant Forever. Rule This case is covered by the contract law. A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by law. To make a contract there must be certain condition that needs to be fulfilled, (Lawhandbook, 2016). The most important condition that needs to be fulfilled is offer and acceptance. An offer and acceptance alone has got no power, they alone cannot lead to form a contract. But offer and acceptance together can make a contract that has got legal capacity and form a legal relation. Application In this case the University has made an invitation to offer by giving call for tender for supply of green seed. The three parties Greenland, Enviro and Plant Forever have made an offer to the University by posting their tenders by the mentioned time. It depends on the University to accept the offer of any one of them. In case of Greenland, the tender or offer provided by them was second lowest but as the University did not accept its offer due to the rumors, no contract has been made between them. The tender of Enviro, i.e., the offer was the lowest and attractive but since it was not found by the administrative assistant at the time of making the decision, its offer was not accepted by the University. Therefore, no contract exists between them. The University at last accepted the offer made by Plant Forever and posted a letter of acceptance to them that was duly addressed. It did not get the letter due to the postal agent although it was a legal acceptance. In the meantime, Plane Forever has entered into another contract which states that no contract has taken place. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that no contractual relationship has been taken place between the University and any of the parties who made the offer. Greenlands offer was not accepted by the University, Enviros offer was not found by the Administration. The acceptance was made to the offer of Plant Forever through. But since the acceptance was not in the knowledge of Plant Forever and it entered into another contract, no contractual relation exist between them. 2. Issue Footloose Pty Ltd has made an advertisement in the newspaper that latest summer collection of shoes, wedge heels and the new slingback sandals from Italy is ready to get delivered. The price of the shoes starts from per hundred pairs $2000 and other discounts for bulk order will be negotiated. Ms Simone is to be contacted for any queries. Famous Footwear on 2 October faxed Ms Simon where it has ordered at $2000 per hundred pairs 500 pairs. James is the owner of the James Shoes, shoe retailer and also had several regional stores in Australia. He on October 4 by sending fax to Simone has made an offer by willing to buy slingback sandals 2000 pairs. The price offered by them was $30,000 including the delivery and GST. Ms Simone on October 6 send a fax to James that Footloose is ready to sell the slingback sandals for the offered price but will not include delivery. James on October 8 sent a mail to Simone of accepting the offer made by Simone and wanted to know the date of delivery. Aft er a discussion on 10 October both the parties agreed to the conditions and Footlose will deliver the sandals to James from Sydney warehouse on November 1. Rule This case also is covered under the rule of offer and acceptance, which is an essential condition to make an agreement between the parties and will lead to the formation of a contract. This is guided by the Law of Contract. Offer and acceptance go parallel to each other. Offer and acceptance both can be in an expressed or implied form which means it should either in written form or is understood by the action of the party respectively. An offer or acceptance can be revoked anytime, which means that an offer may come to an end and can no longer be open to any acceptance under certain circumstances like expiry of reasonable and specified time, because of insanity or death, counter offer, refusal etc. Likewise, acceptance can also be revoked under certain circumstances like revoking any acceptance made to an offer before it is passed or communicated to the other party but not afterwards. Here, in this case only one case is applicable for revocation, counter offer. Counter offer is an of fer that is made by the second party against the original offer made by the first party. The original offer comes to an end once a counter offer is made, (Clarke, 2016). Application It is very clear that an invitation to offer has been made by Footloose Pty Ltd by giving an advertisement in the newspaper on October 1. The advertisement made was to avail the latest summer collection of shoes, wedges and slingback sandals at $2000 per hundred pairs and other discounts for bulk order. On 2 October, Famous footwear has made an offer against the advertisement to Footloose by ordering 500 pairs of shoes at the rate of $2000 per hundred pairs. But no response has been provided to them by Ms Simone who is supposed to have answer to their offer. Therefore, no acceptance has been made on the part of Footloose for the offer made by the Famous footwear. Since no offer and acceptance is made no legal effect is present in this communication. James on 4 October has made an offer of purchasing 2000 pairs of slingback sandals at $30,000 which will also include the delivery charges and GST. In respect of this offer Ms Simone on 6 October make an offer of selling the said number of sandals at the said price but excluding the delivery charges. This offer was accepted by James and the sandals were to be delivered by Footloose from Sydney warehouse on November 1. Therefore, there has been made a contract as there is an offer and acceptance. But the original offer has been revoked by Footloose. Conclusion From the statements made here, it is concluded that there is no existence of any legal acceptance of Footloose to the offer made by Famous footwear. In case of Jamess Shoes, the original offer has been revoked by Footloose. James has accepted the second offer that is, counter offer was made to him by Ms Simone and they form a contract. But as per contract law, once the counter offer is made, the original offer comes to an end. Therefore, the contract form is out of counter offer and not the original offer. 3. Issue Richard Anderson works in Cube Laboratory Pty Ltd and is a talented chemist. The lab has been working successfully by receiving government contracts and other research grants. He was under working under 5 year contract that was about to expire on June 30. Richard was chosen for the position of chief chemist by headhunters at a rival lab. If he accepts this job, he will have to transfer to some other place with his family. His wife will have to look for a new job and his children will have to change their school. Richard on 1 March went to Warren who was the chief chemist of Cube to let him have the knowledge of the conversation between him and the headhunters. He told Warren that the offer is attractive but he does not want his wife and children to face problem in course of relocation. Warren told Richard of his being the teams important part. Because of him Cube has got many success and they are interested to carry on the same. By these words Richard thought that Cube wants to exten d the contract. He called the headhunters and refused their proposal and went on working with the Cube and did not discuss about the matter any further. On June 25 Warren told Richard that there was some liquidity problem and that Cube was cutting of the job of number of staffs and asked them to go. Richard got upset and started finding a job but unfortunately found a job at a university. His salary was less but his wife and children are continuing with the same job and they did not have to relocate. Rule Here also, the whole situation is covered by the law of contract and the rule of offer and acceptance. An invitation of offer has been made by a party. The one interested will make an offer and if liked the offer will be accepted by the other party who has given the invitation. The other rule applicable in this case is the termination of a contract, (Legalmatch, 2016). Breach of contract has also taken place for which the aggrieved party can claim damages under specific performance. Application In this case, Richard has been working with the Cube Laboratory Pty Ltd under a contract of five year that was about to expire on 30 June. In February, he was approached by the headhunters for the position of chief chemist in a rival lab of Cube, which means an offer has been made by the headhunters. Richard found the invitation attractive but he does not want to relocate his children and wife. Therefore, no acceptance was till now and it was kept aside. Richard told Warren about the offer. Warren told him that he was an important part of the team and the lab has got a great success and they want to take it ahead. By this Richard thought that his contract will be extended by them. But here, no specific words or terms or expression have been used, rather an implied offer has been made. Richard thought it to be great and carried on work with them. He refused the offer of the headhunters. But on June 25, that is five days before the termination of the contract he was forced to move out of the lab due to liquidity issues. This was a breach of both the contract, one which was existing contract of five years and the other is the implied contract made before the expiry of the original contract. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that a breach of contract has taken place that has caused a huge damage to Richard since he has refused the offer the made by the headhunters and also that he was forced to move out from Cube before the expiry of the five-year contract. He found a job at university where the salary is very much less than what he used to get. Therefore, he can claim damages from the Cube for the special damage caused to him due to the breach, (JEC, 2016). Reference Clarke, J., 2016. Australian Contract Law. [Online] Available at: www.australiancontractlaw.com [Accessed 26 November 2016]. JEC, 2016. Remedies for breach of contract. [Online] Available at: jec.unm.edu/./contract-law-tutorial/remedies-for-breach-of-contract [Accessed 26 November 2016]. Lawhandbook, 2016. Elements of Contract. [Online] Available at: www.lawhandbook.org.au Contents [Accessed 26 November 2016]. Legalmatch, 2016. types of damages. [Online] Available at: www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/types-of-damages-available [Accessed 26 November 2016].

Sweet Sixteen Film Scene Analysis Essay Example

Sweet Sixteen: Film Scene Analysis Essay This essay will critically discuss the use of cinematography, lighting and editing in the opening sequences of Ken loachs Sweet Sixteen. It will specifically reference the exterior stargazing scene and the interior pub scene considering Loachs use of film form to communicate meaning to the audience. The scene opens on a darkened Greenock, hill, naturally lit by the moonlight. Two Scottish teenagers dressed in caps and jackets are telling some younger children to get in line whilst charging them to view Saturn through a telescope in a working class Glaswegian vernacular.The cinematography employs a depth of field, bleeding the unfocused orange and yellow lights of the nearby residences behind the characters as the camera pans across the frame in a medium close up as the teenagers collect their money for the viewing. This cuts to a POV from the telescope, which shows Saturn whilst Martin Compstons character explains about Saturn’s rings, to a boy of about 10.A non-diegetic melancholic flute track fades in Compston then shows a girl the planet.This then cuts to a wide shot of the Characters on the hill from behind, establishing the suburban Greenoch location. We will write a custom essay sample on Sweet Sixteen: Film Scene Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sweet Sixteen: Film Scene Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sweet Sixteen: Film Scene Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second scene opens with a non-diegetic score and sees the same two teenagers selling knock-off cigarettes to punters in the pub.They give the typical Glaswegian working class patter, ‘Comeontaefuck’ etc, until they are thrown out by the landlord.Again, they are on location in Greenoch, use natural lights and hand held camerawork with minimal editing. The two teenagers in these sequences would be considered NEDS or Non-Educated Delinquents and from this we can assume both characters are from social housing tenement blocks known as schemes in Scotland. The NEDS have been described as the Scottish equivalent of Chavs however, the term does run slightly deeper with connotations regarding sectarianism, football hooliganism, scheme gangs, knife crime and gene

Wright Brothers essays

Wright Brothers essays WHO : The brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright WHAT : The first powered, manned flight HOW : Two brothers combined there hobbies of hangliding and bicycling to have a flight of 12 seconds The reason this event was chosen was because of my intest in flying and the amazing impact of this single event. Today millions of people fly every year and take a fraction of the time the Wright Brothers did. Modern inventions combined with their research have enabled America's Air Force to own the sky. This flight getting off the ground will forever be a milestone in human invention and ability due to the many years of invention it involved. There is no doubt in my mind that the U.S. would be totaly different today if this event were not to happen. Had this event not occured at this time, to these people, or even at all, live and history would be very different. One example was that in World War One airplanes were used expensively for watching troop movements and mapping enemy fortifications. Had no airplanes existed we may have lost the war. Another example is World War Two, had no airplane eisted in that war all major bombing campaigns would have been impossible, including Pearl Harbor, and the droping of the atomic bombs. The world may be a much better place with the help of aircraft in those wars in preventing evil from succeding in its plans. The first powered flight is more important than September 11 because the airplane was the major tool in the acts of terrorism in our country. If airplanes were nonexistant, America would have never been a threat to Al-Queida and the Taliban do to the primitive forms of transportation used before the airplane was invented. If the airplane was not invented the U.S. may have been overcome in a previous conflict and American life would be chang ...

Business Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Operations Management - Essay Example The essay "Business Operations Management" talks about the business operation management by the example of Geoff Cartwright who identified that the running of Gateshead holdings was not in a solid state and he acknowledged that there was need for major amendments to be done to ensure efficiency and quality production in the firm. Having provided multi-skill training for its team Gateshead was sure to overcome any setbacks that would be caused by lack of attendance by members of staff who had specialized on specific task and no replacement for them was available incase of their in attendance . This was a major move since there was no reason for stalling jobs because in every group all members were able to perform all tasks. Gatestead under Geoff the production manager went further to train its staff on machine maintenance and minor repairs and this factor worked positively towards reducing machine failure and time loss during minor machines breakdown in the process of production. Geof f went further to introduce Just in time and six sigma as measure of reducing wastage. It will be noted that in any production firm waste contributes to a major factor reducing profitability and utmost care should be carried out because waste increases the cost of sales made and by no means can the cost of sales lost through waste be recovered. Geoff the production manager also identified the need to give the workers incentive through wage increases and by the year 2003 the statutory minimum wage increased to 7.50 pounds/hour.

An Analysis of the reasons for the catholic Church's Ban of the Book Essay

An Analysis of the reasons for the catholic Church's Ban of the Book Candide by Voltaire - Essay Example The listing of a book under this category made it illegal to possess or have anything to do with the publisher or the content of the book in states where the Catholic Church recognized by the state as the only recognized religion in the world. After the breakaway of the Anglican Church in the 1500s and the Protestant Reformation that was at its peak in the 1600s, a lot of criticisms were raised against the Catholic Church due to several inappropriate actions and deeds of some of its members through art, writings, actions, protests, wars and other forms of communication. In 1759, Voltaire published his book Candide. Voltaire was a man who had moved around Europe and had had several controversial experiences with authorities from Prussia to Geneva and to Lisbon2. He was a playwright who had a number of unpleasant experiences and had so much skepticism about religion, institutions and authorities in Europe and seemed to have lost confidence in all those institutions and had strong conde mnation of them and their actions. The central theme of Candide sought to challenge the assertion of the Church and Lutheran philosophy that this world is the best of all possible worlds and all things work out for the best3. He uses the book, Candide to show that bad things happen to good people and there are many activities in the Europe of his time that were cruel and against humanity. Analysis of Candide The protagonist of the book, Candide was a young nephew of a Baron in Westphalia, present day Germany. His father was unknown so he was seen as a bastard with little rights and privileges in the castle. The Baron was a prosperous noble living a very comfortable life in a castle. He adhered to the popular Protestant belief that this world is the best and all things work together for good. The son of the Baron, Pangloss was a teacher of the religious idea that his father stood for. Pangloss believed and consistently taught that everything in this world exists for a purpose and all things work for the best. To him, every effect had a cause. Pangloss stated that â€Å"Observe, for instance, the nose is formed for spectacles, therefore we wear spectacles, The legs are visibly designed for stockings, accordingly we wear stockings. Stones are hewn to construct castles, therefore My Lord has a magnificent castle; for the greatest baron†4. Obviously, this statement presented Pangloss as a simplistic sycophant who sought to keep his congregants under some form of bondage so that the Baron, himself and his descendants could enjoy a comfortable life whilst the servant class remains under oppression. By presenting Pangloss as such, he sought to show that religion has been used as a tool to keep the working class under some kind of bondage to the Church and the ruling class of Europe in the pre-1750 period. This clearly provoked the church as it was blasphemous. In the events that followed in the book, a young beautiful girl in the castle, Cunegund saw Pangloss, the preacher having a sexual encounter with her mother's chambermaid in the woods. She was introduced to sex and sought to have an affair with Candide. The next day, Candide, who had been fantasizing about Cunegund bumped into her and they began to kiss. This was discovered by the Baron who swiftly threw Candide from the castle. Voltaire seem to have clearly demonstrated through this action that there was immorality being secretly practiced amongst people perceived to be holy in the Church. However, when innocent

The Criminal Justice System and Terrorism

The Criminal Justice System and Terrorism Terrorism has become a part of up to date life. Hijackings, bombings, and assassinations on distinct countries of the world may appear like isolated attacks, but they contemplate a so straightforward reliance on aggression as a way to encourage communal, political, and devout change. They are components of a pervasive end supports the means beliefs being pursued to its most perverse conclusions. Many of these actions have been conveyed out by the constituents of Islamic Jihad, while other ones are part of a worldwide mesh of terrorists. Claire Sterling contends in The Terror Network that numerous of the terrorists were taught and equipped by KGB agencies from the previous Soviet Union. Analysis Terrorism has become the scourge of popular governments. Experts in the area approximate that less than 1 per hundred of terrorist attacks occurred in the Soviet Union, but as asserted by Rand Corporation professional Brian Jenkins, almost a third of all terrorists attacks engage Americans. Democratic authorities, used to considering inside a lawful structure, often find it tough to deal with criminals and terrorists who regularly function out-of-doors of the law. Yet deterrence is just as much a part of fairness as correct enforcement of the laws. Democratic authorities which manage not discourage criminals inescapably spawn vigilantism as commonly law-abiding people, who have lost self-assurance in the criminal justice system, take the regulation into their own hands. An alike backlash is starting to appear as an outcome of the incompetence of Western democracies to fight back themselves contrary to terrorists. But need of governmental determination is only part of the problem. Terrorists flourish on newspapers exposure, and report associations round the world have been all too eager to give terrorists what they crave: publicity. If the report newspapers provided terrorists the minuscule treatment their figures and leverage claimed, terrorism would decline. But when hijackings and bombings are granted famous newspapers vigilance, authorities start feeling force from their people to determination the urgent position and finally capitulate to terrorists demands. Encouraged by their newest achievement, terrorists generally trial again. Appeasement, Churchill wisely documented, habitually whets the appetite, and latest achievements have made terrorists famished for more attacks. Some report commentators have been reluctant to call terrorism what it is: wanton, criminal violence. They blunt the barbarism by contending that one mans terrorist is another mans flexibility fighter. But this easily is not true. Terrorists are not worried about human privileges and human dignity. In detail, they end up decimating human privileges in their supposed battle for human rights. Terrorism has been called the new warfare. But terrorists turn the idea of conflict on its head. Innocent non-combatants become the goal of terrorist attacks. Terrorist warfare retains blameless persons hostage and makes fighter and citizen alike promise goals for their aggression. Terrorism will extend even though conflict has not ever been formally been announced and our foe is not a lone identifiable country. Instead we are being victimized by a worldwide terror mesh angled on crippling American morale. Government and War First, we should characterize a terrorist. Is a terrorist a widespread criminal? If terrorists are only widespread criminals, then biblically talking, they should only be administered with by their owner governments. In Romans 13, the Apostle Paul states, he who opposes administration has are against the ordinance of God; and they who have are against will obtain disapproval upon themselves. For rulers is not an origin of worry for good demeanor, but for evil. Do you desire to have no worry of authority? Do what is good and you will have applauded from the same; for it is a minister of God to you for good. But if you manage what is bad, be afraid; for it does not accept the sword for nothing; for it is a minister of God, an avenger who adds anger upon the one who practices evil. This route of Scripture assists us make a significant distinction we will use in our investigation of terrorism. The Apostle Pauls teachings on government displays that criminals are those who manage bad and intimidate the municipal peace. Any out-of-doors risk to the reality of the state is not a criminal risk but a proceed of conflict which is furthermore to be administered with by the government. In other phrases, criminals intimidate the state from within. Foreign detachments intimidate the state from outside. In the case of searching household calm, the Apostle Paul summaries how authorities will accept of good works, but that authorities should convey worry to those who are wrongdoers. Evildoers should reside in worry of government. But in the case at hand, terrorists manage no reside in worry of the ruling administration in the nations where they live. Their authorities manage not believe of them as shattering citizen regulations and therefore manage not prosecute them. This is foreign to the American mindset. If an anti-Syrian terrorist assembly were founded in the United States, we would prosecute those terrorists as foes of the state. A U.S. founded anti-Syrian terrorist assembly would be illicit in the United States. And they would be illicit since theyre bearing out undertakings booked for Congress and the President. Only authorities have a foreign principle and war-making strategies. But Middle Eastern authorities manage not prosecute terrorists the way we would. Why? Because terrorists often convey out principles and yearns of such owner governments. Middle Eastern terrorists, far from fearing the sword of the ruling administration, rather than are often granted sanctuary by such governments. Governments who give sanctuary and even give acceptance have often taken up the mind-set that terrorists manage them no damage so why should they proceed contrary to the terrorist organizations? In detail, they are not glimpsed as a risk because terrorist assemblies are portraying out the owner governments policies. Both the terrorist assemblies and their owner countries are really foes of the American government when they arrest and murder U.S. citizens for infantry and foreign principle purposes. This is not citizen killing, but infantry warfare. Police, Court, and Correctional Systems   Ã‚  Ã‚   Every kind of scheme Common, Civil, Socialist, Islamic has localized variation.   Even in English-speaking nations, for demonstration, there is variation.   Canadian fairness locations more focus upon the right to a equitable test, free from prejudicial publicity.   In Canada, the public and the newspapers are generally ostracized from the courtroom, and there is little concern in misdeed news.   In England, there is more focus upon fairness in judgment, and producing certain the at fault dont proceed free.   English policeman dossiers along with two kinds of solicitors (solicitors and barristers) and two kinds of enclosures (Magistrate and Crown) assist double-check this.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Police schemes are rather distinct round the world.   With the exclusions of Japan and the Common Law countries, couple of nations contain their policeman agents firmly accountable for violations of municipal rights.   In Socialist and Islamic nations, the policeman contain tremendous political and devout powers.   In detail, in such locations, misdeed is habitually glimpsed as political misdeed and a co-occurring devout problem.   Police universal are the most evident (and accountable) emblems of criminal fairness, so one universal finding is that when policeman go incorrect to command misdeed, casual procedures of regulation (vigilante policing and community courts) are inclined to arise.   Other universal outcome encompass the detail that minorities universal appear to distrust policeman, and that the American discovery of community policing doesnt move well to other nations because it arrives off as too omnipresent (Braga et al. 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Court schemes of the world are of two types: adversarial, where the suspect is blameless until verified guilty; and inquisitorial, where the suspect is at fault until verified blameless or mitigated.   The U.S. adversarial scheme is exclusive in the world.   No other territory, not even the U.K., locations as much focus upon conclusion of factual guilt in the courtroom as the U.S. does.   Outside the U.S., most tests are worried with lawful guilt where every individual understands the lawbreaker did it, and the reason is to get the lawbreaker to acknowledge, own up to their blame, contend for clemency, or propose an befitting judgment for themselves.   Inquisitorial schemes have more mystery procedures.   Outside of the United States, one is probable to meet community (or neighborhood-focused) enclosures which offer an array of non-conventional, alternate sanctions.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Correctional schemes worldwide can be equitably effortlessly differentiated by if they support corporal penalty (beatings) or not.   Some so-called civilized nations that assertion they are better than the U.S. because they dont have the death punishment frequently perform such corporal penalties as beatings and whippings.   Nations that perform corporal penalty manage are inclined, although, to have less of a correctional overcrowding problem.   Probation and parole, where they live cross-culturally, are inclined to be accessible only for native people, and not for foreigners neither immigrants.   Outside of the United States, jails are inclined to be less sanitary and unhealthy.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Juvenile Justice Systems alter widely.   Scotland has the toughest scheme, frequently judgment juveniles to rough boot bivouacs with a firm infantry regiment and compelled labor.   Germany has a juvenile justice system alike to the U.S., but there is more focus upon education.   Not every homeland in the world accepts as factual in exceptional management of juveniles, neither the notion of adolescence. Military Action Based upon the Apostle Pauls educating of government in Romans 13, terrorists should be classified as widespread criminals in their owner countries. But they are not prosecuted by owner nations and are often bearing out the infantry principle and foreign principle of that country. Thus, when terrorists strike, we should not outlook them as criminals but as foreign fighters who try to intimidate the very reality of the American government. Whether or not the terrorists have the firepower and strategic wisdom to really destabilize the U.S. government is not the issue. At topic is how to deal with a new kind of infantry aggressor. Terrorists are not widespread criminals to be endeavored in American municipal courts. They are infantry goals that should be halted since they are equipped and infantry foes of the American government who are on attack. Yes, America has other equipped foes, but they are not on the strike as terrorists are. In the identical way that it took customary detachments some time to discover how to battle guerilla warfare, so it is taking Western authoritys time to recognize that the directions for warfare have furthermore been modified in the case of terrorism. Diplomatic efforts have failed to assure Middle East authorities to assist the United States in conveying terrorist assemblies to justice. Meetings and discussions havent been adept to hit worry in terrorists hearts. When we battle terrorism we require recognizing we are conversing about war. Military warfare is distinct from citizen peacekeeping. In citizen peacekeeping, persons are presumed blameless until verified guilty. A civilian can be apprehended and detained before test, but should be issued except guilt is proven. Military warfare is different. A test is not held for each infantry action. In a sense, in a just conflict, a trial of kinds is held before any activity is taken. Discussion and arguments amidst congressmen and senators generally happen before conflict is declared. Fact-finding investigations, productions, testimonies, and other types of forethought proceed into a affirmation of war. In a sense, when the use of the infantry is engaged, the test time span arrives before any individual is battled or arrested. But one time conflict is announced, there are nothing less tests until the foe is defeated. And every one who aids and abets the foe is at fault by association. At present, terrorism is a one-sided conflict that the United States is losing. American fighters and people are being slain in the war. Unfortunately, the United State is not healing terrorism like war. The restricted conflict forces conceded to the President by the Congress are not sufficient and arent utilized in a methodical way to beat the enemy. If we are to win the conflict contrary to terrorism, we should recognize that it is war. Until we glimpse it as infantry aggression, we will be failed in finish terrorism in this decade. Constitutional Issues Terrorist assemblies are not dwelling in worry of their owner governments. Instead, law-abiding people reside in worry of terrorist groups. In one television interview a Middle Eastern terrorist was cited as saying, We desire the persons of the United States to seem the terror. The proficiency of these assemblies to convey out their agenda is not the issue. The basic topic is how U.S. government managers should deal with this new kind of infantry strategy. Terrorists have held American diplomats hostage for years, blown up infantry mixtures, and hijacked airplanes and cruise ships. Although some hostages have been issued, numerous other ones have been slain and the U.S. has been failed at penalizing more than a little number of terrorists. Although worldwide diplomacy has been the prime entails utilized by the United States contrary to terrorism, we should address what other entails may furthermore be appropriate. In the past, American managers have answered to infantry aggression in a kind of modes short of affirming war. The U.S. Constitution allocations the next forces to Congress: To characterize and penalize piracies and felonies pledged on the high oceans, and infringements contrary to the regulation of nations; to affirm conflict, allocate notes of marque and retaliation, and make directions in relative to captures on land and water. Terrorist actions drop into not less than two of the Congressional provisions for considering with attacks on the nation. They are: (1) to penalize infringements contrary to the regulation of countries, and (2) to affirm war. In either case, there are powerful Constitutional surrounds for taking activity contrary to terrorists. The adversity arrives in apparently recognizing the foe and being eager to risk offending numerous Arab countries who we address allies. Congress should recognize the foe and call that assembly a infantry target. Once that has occurred numerous of the other steps drop into location with less difficulty. At this issue infantry scheme should be established which can search down little assemblies of well-armed and well-funded men who conceal inside the territory of a owner country. We should furthermore evolve a political scheme that will permit us to work inside a owner country. We should make it clear how grave the United States takes a terrorist threat. American people are exhausted of being infantry goals in an undeclared war. Through diplomatic passages we should make two things very clear to the owner country. First, they should apprehend and penalize the terrorist assemblies themselves as citizen criminals. Or, second, they should extradite the foe fighters and give them up to an worldwide court for trial. If the owner homeland falls short to proceed on these two demands, we should make it clear that we glimpse them in complicity with the terrorist groups. But falling short to work out their municipal blame, they depart themselves open to the penalties of permitting hostile infantry forces inside their borders. Intelligence Collection   The criminal justice system has been the source of exceedingly precious understanding on al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations.   The criminal justice system presents mighty inducements for supposes to supply unquestionable, dependable data, and the Department of Justice and FBI work nearly with remainder of the understanding community to maximize data and understanding got from each cooperator.   Below are just a couple of public examples. Cooperators Provide Intelligence on al-Qaeda and Other Terror Groups   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   LHoussaine Kherchtou, who was apprehended, Mirandized, ascribed with terrorism infringements, and cooperated with the government, supplied critical understanding on al-Qaeda.   He testified in 2001 contrary to four al-Qaeda constituents who were subsequent punished to life in jail after being convicted in attachment with the East Africa Embassy bombings.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   After his arrest in Afghanistan, John Walker Lindh pleaded at fault in 2002 to carrying the Taliban and, as part of his plea affirmation, supplied precious understanding about teaching bivouacs and battling in Afghanistan.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Mohammed Junaid Babar, apprehended in 2004 for carrying al Qaeda and contriving attacks in the United Kingdom, has supplied understanding on terrorist assemblies functioning along the Afghanistan/Pakistan boundary and has testified in the thriving tests of terrorists in the United Kingdom and Canada.   He is arranged to testify in another terrorism test in New York subsequent this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   David Headley, apprehended in 2009 and ascribed in attachment with a contrive to blasting apparatus a Danish bulletin and his supposed function in the November 2008 terror attacks in Mumbai, has supplied exceedingly precious understanding considering those attacks, the terrorist association Lashkar y Tayyiba, and Pakistan-based terrorist leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Adis Medunjanin, an supposed aide of Najibullah Zazi, was taken into custody in January 2010, and, after waiving his Miranda privileges, supplied comprehensive data to the FBI about terrorist-related undertakings of himself and other ones in the United States and Pakistan.   He has been ascribed with conspiring to murder U.S. nationals overseas and obtaining military-type teaching from al-Qaeda.   Ã‚  Ã‚   * Other regulation enforcement cooperators are actually supplying significant understanding considering terrorist undertaking from East Africa to South Asia and considering plots to strike the United States and Europe. Incapacitating Terrorists Hundreds of terrorism supposes have been effectively prosecuted in government court since 9/11.   Today, there are more than 300 worldwide or household terrorists incarcerated in U.S. government jail facilities.   Events over the past year illustrate the extending worth of government enclosures in tackling terrorism.   In 2009, there were more defendants ascribed with terrorism violations in government court than in any year since 9/11.   Past Terrorism Convictions and Recent Terrorism Indictments   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Richard Reid was apprehended in December 2001 and convicted pursuant to a at fault plea in October 2002 of trying to ignite a footwear blasting apparatus while on a air journey from Paris to Miami bearing 184 travelers and 14 crewmembers.   He is assisting a life jail term.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Ahmed Omar Abu Ali was convicted in November 2005 of conspiracy to assassinate the U.S. President and conspiracy to consign air piracy and conspiracy to decimate aircraft. Ali was punished to 30 years in prison.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   In May 2006, Zacharias Moussaoui was punished to life in jail after pleading at fault to diverse terrorism violations, confessing that he conspired with al-Qaeda to hijack and smash into planes into famous U.S. structures as part of the 9/11 attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   In September 2009, Najibullah Zazi was ascribed with conspiring to use a tool for fighting of mass decimation as part of an al-Qaeda contrive blasting apparatus goals in the United States. Several of his supposed aides have been apprehended and ascribed in government court.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   During 2009, 14 persons were ascribed in the District of Minnesota attachment with an ongoing enquiry of persons who have traveled from Minnesota to Somalia to train with or battle on behalf of the terrorist assembly al-Shabaab.   Ã‚  Ã‚   *   In September 2009, Daniel Patrick Boyd and other ones were ascribed with contriving an strike on U.S. infantry staff at the Quantico Marine Base, as well as employing juvenile persons to journey overseas in alignment to kill. Just Punishment Although diplomacy has its location, it is so straightforward to glimpse that diplomacy and discussion manage not hit worry in the hearts of terrorists. Yes, American hostages in Iran were finally issued after 444 days. But other American hostages like Lt. Col. Williams Higgins were slain by Lebanese Shiite terrorists. In most situations, diplomatic efforts have failed to convey terrorists to justice. We have shown overhead that Romans 13 devotes government the right to accept the sword to defend its people from criminal risks from inside the homeland and infantry risks from out-of-doors the country. We have furthermore shown that infantry activity is furthermore sanctioned to penalize piracies and felonies and to penalize offenses contrary to the regulation of nations. With this as backdrop, we should now aim on the topic of just penalty which is recounted in Exodus 21. The standard here is that the penalty should be proportional to the crime. A referee could not cut up off a mans hand only because he rubbed another mans hand in a fight. The penalty was to be: set alight for set alight, wound for wound, and band of color for stripe. Excessive penalties were forbidden. Punishment was swift and certain, but it was furthermore equitable and proportional. Just and proportional penalties have been the form for both criminal and infantry punishments. Not that all countries have pursued this rule. But the United States should set up the lesson pitch by next this biblical principle. In the context of our consideration on terrorism, I accept as factual that we should request proportional penalty to terrorists and owner countries. First, this entails that we should not request too critical a punishment. Calls for bombing towns of owner nations in retaliation for terrorist activities should be turned down as unsuitable and unjust. But this furthermore entails we should not request too lightweight a punishment. Host countries that harbor terrorists and deny penalizing or extraditing terrorists should be forced by the United States. Punishment could arrive in the pattern of financial embargoes, import- trade items limits, severing diplomatic relatives, or even infantry actions. But the penalty should be proportional to the terrorist act. Excessive answer or retaliation will not only be unjust, but it will fuel the blazes of anti-American sentiment. In some situations, an American hit force of counterterrorists might be essential when the risk is both genuine and imminent. This should be the choice of last holiday resort, but in certain examples it may be necessary. In 1989, for demonstration, Israeli exceptional forces apprehended Sheik Obeid and no question crippled the terrorist mesh by conveying one of their managers to justice. In 1985, U.S. planes were adept to force an Egyptian airliner down to avert the getaway of another terrorist leader. These are admittedly actions which should be finished seldom and carefully. But they may be befitting entails to convey about justice. Conclusion In deduction, I accept as factual we should identify terrorism as a new kind of infantry aggression which needs governmental action. We are engaged in an undeclared conflict and Congress and the President should take the identical kinds of activities they would if endangered by a hostile country. We should work to discourage farther terrorist aggression in this decade. The best way to apply such a scheme would be through some kind of focused nationwide security court, an concept other ones have suggested with changing grades of specificity. Modeled on the exceptional court that authorizes surveillance in nationwide security situations, such an placement would maximize the public and worldwide legitimacy of detention decisions. It would put detentions in the hands of referees with all the prestige of the government court scheme yet with specific know-how applying directions conceived to defend classified data and organize legitimate security concerns. Such a court is furthermore, in m y outlook, the best venue in which to trial terrorists suspect of conflict misdeeds, utilizing directions that hybridize the present Military Commissions Act with usual government court practice. In addition, the present administrations reliance on a untainted regulation of conflict form for detentions has been a fateful error. But the try to revert to a prosecutorial form for handicapping terrorists would supplant that mistake with a scheme unsuited to the trials we actually face as a society. The right response is-as it has been since September 11-to conceive the detention scheme we require to handle the exclusive position of international jihadist terrorism. That is a task only Congress can complete and it is long overdue.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research papers

The role of the hero in Ken Kesey’s novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, is played by Randle P. McMurphy, a wrongly committed mental patient with a lust for life. The qualities that garner Mc Murphy respect and admiration from his fellow patients are also responsible for his tragic downfall. These qualities include his temper, which leads to his being deemed "disturbed," his stubbornness, which results in his receiving numerous painful disciplinary treatments, and finally his free spirit, which leads to his death. Despite Mc Murphy being noble man, in the end, these characteristics hurt him more than they help him. Throughout the novel, Mc Murphy displays that he has a wild temper. This temper aids him in his battle with the "Big Nurse" Nurse Ratched for control of the mental ward. However, his temper eventually works against him. Upon McMurphy’s arrival to the ward he establishes himself as a con man and a gambler. One of his first bets with the other patients is to see if, within a week, he can put "a bee in [Nurse Ratched’s] butt, a burr in her bloomers. Get her goat. Bug her till she comes apart at those neat little seams" (Kesey, Nest 69). Mc Murphy makes this bet after he learns about the Disturbed Ward where "assaultive" and "potential assaultives" are sent, and also about the "shock shop" where Electro-Shock Therapy is administered to unruly patients. Since Mc Murphy is "not in the habit of los...

Law Assignment for Child Protection

Law Essay Case Study of Stephanie and Stephen. This essay shall be based on the assumption that I am a Local authority social worker given the case referral of Stephanie and Stephen. The essay shall be focusing on the laws, policy and procedures that will guide through the assessment process of this case and how these can be used to meet the needs of all concerned. The assignment includes discussions on some of the key aspects of framework for the assessment of children in need and their families and The Children’s Act 1989, in particular section 17, duty to safeguard and I will incorporate anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice.Stephanie and Stephen are under the age of 18, this therefore puts them into the category of both of them being classed as children. Under the Children Act 1989 it clearly states that any person under the age of 18 and 16 if married is seen as a child. This consequently places a statutory duty on any local authority child social care worker t o protect them from any harm and promote their well-being. Section 17 (1. ) of the Children Act 1989 says that â€Å"Local Authorities, have a general duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children within their area are in need† Subsequent to receiving this referral and acting in agreement to the primary aims of the Government Policy, my role and responsibility is to make sure that both Stephanie and Stephen are protected from any harm and that their development needs are met accordingly and appropriately. In the course of this, if I believed that a crime had been committed, I would have a duty to report this immediately to the police.Section 47 of the Children Act 1989 states that â€Å" Children's Social Care Services must inform the police whenever they receive a referral, which may constitute a criminal offence against a child, even when they have decided that they are dealing with the referral as a Section 17† (www. Proceduresonline. com) It is my duty to e stablish if any, the level of risk to Stephanie and Stephen and to use legislation where necessary. The identification of a high-risk individual provides the mechanism for ensuring that children are protected hile avoiding unneeded intervention. (Parton et al. 1997) To try and establish the course of action, I will be guided by the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families and Working Together to Safeguard Children to help me in my decision making, planning and if any the intervention that may be required. These are two acts that were issued under Section 7 of the Local Authority Act 1970 which required Social Services to act under there general guidance.This Framework of Assessment will take into account the development needs of the child, unlike the Children Act 1989 that until the mid 1990’s mostly focused on the incidents of abuse rather than the development needs of the child. (Department of Health et al. 2000) By use of taking a holistic view t o the ‘Assessment Framework’, information will be gathered and analysed within three domains of the Assessment Framework namely: the child’s developmental needs, the parent’s capacity to respond appropriately to those needs and the wider family and environmental factors.The Framework is also linked closely to Every Child Matters which aims to ensure the well-being of children and young people from birth to 19. This means that the Government aim is for every child whatever their background or circumstances have the relevant support they need in order to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being (Every Child Matters and Outcomes) It is important that all agencies collaborate and work together to share information.Working Together to Safeguard Children document sets out how all agencies and professionals in the statutory, voluntary and independent sectors should work together to promote children's w elfare and protect them from abuse and neglect requires those agencies to share information. The first point of contact I would make would be with the school and learning mentor. Under s. 27 (7. 4) of the Children Act 1989 the school is obliged by law to assist me with any additional information that might be of help to this particular case. (www. legislation. It is the school that expressed concern and by acting upon this they then completed and sent a Common Assessment Framework (CAF) â€Å"The CAF is a shared assessment and planning framework for use across all children's services and Local areas in England. It aims to help the early identification of children's additional needs and promote co-ordinated service provisions to meet them† (www. cwdcouncil. org) I may also make enquires to the police as to whether there has been any reported incidents, especially taking into account that there is issues of substance misuse and domestic violence.When domestic violence is added into the equation it is clear that the children could be at risk of significant harm. â€Å"Child witnesses of domestic violence greatly impacts upon children’s development causing emotional harm†. (Mullander et al 2002: 6) Under Section 120 of the Adoption and Children Act 2002 states that: â€Å"Children living in households where domestic violence is happening are now identified as â€Å"at risk† under the Adoption and Children Act 2002.From 31 January 2005, Section 120 of this act extended the legal definition of harming children to include harm suffered by seeing or hearing ill treatment of others. (www. womensaid) Additional information may be gathered from other professional such as the child’s General Practitioner (GP) and dentist. Neglecting to take a child to see the doctor or dentist can be seen as neglect in some cases. I would also read through old case notes and talk to previous social care professionals that were involved with the family w hen they were accommodated.Section 20 of the Children Act 1989 defines â€Å"the term accommodated child refers to a child or young person for whom the Local Authority has provided accommodation with parental consent† (Children Act 1989) This is something that can be done without the need to apply to court and it is a way of working in partnership with the parents and empowering the parents to be involved in the ongoing plans for their child. This can be reassessed if the parents becomes uncooperative or inconsistent or commitment to the child.In the event of this the need for care proceeding may be required. (Legislation. gov. uk). From the information already received I notice that both Stephanie and Stephen wish to remain with their parents. The intention of the Children Act 1989 is to keep families together and it should only be that a child is removed as a last resort. Section 47 (5a) of the Children Act 1989 (inserted by the Children Act 2004) says that we need to take account of the wishes and feeling of the child.It is important that in the incident that further action is needed I take into account the fact that the children want to remain where they are but I must balance the risk over the choice. Under the Children Act 1989 (6. 1) â€Å"A decision to remove a child from home must balance the likely immediate and long-term effects of removing the child against the possible harm if the child is left at home. This decision should also take into account the need either to secure evidence of criminal offences or arrest suspects† (Children Act 1989)My next course of action would be to visit the family home and carry out an initial assessment. If I did not feel the children were at immediate risk, I would get in touch with the parents and arrange a time and date for me to visit, however if believed I would be putting the children at risk by doing this, I would consider a unannounced visit. I need to be aware that I will be intervening in the p ersonal lives of Stephanie, Stephen and their parents and my visit may not be welcomed by the family and viewed as a huge invasion and deprivation of their human rights.Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998 it states that; â€Å"(1) everyone has the right for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. (2) There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others† (news. bbc. o. uk) They are within their rights to refuse me entry into their home and as a social worker I do not have the power to enforce this. The police would have to be called if I alleged the children were at immediate risk they would then have the power to remove under Section 46 (6. 7)† These are to be used in cases of immediate emergency where the delay of applying for an Emergency Protection Order would pose significant harm to a child. This Order should not be used where a Local Authority can apply for an Emergency Protection Order and has sufficient time to do so. Children Act 1989) The reason for the initial visit is so I can establish if there are concerns and what action if any would be required next. I would need to talk to all concerned and maybe possible extended family to fully understand what is happening within this family. It is important to â€Å"Ascertain the wishes and feelings of child, parents and others relevant to fully address the problems experienced†. (Brammer, A (2003) p, 128) Throughout this assessment it imperative that Stephanie and Stephen remain paramount and the focus of this investigation. Working with family members is not an end in itself; the objective must always be to safegu ard and promote the welfare of the child. The child therefore must be kept in focus. It requires sensitivity and understanding of their circumstances of families and their particular needs† (Framework for Assessing Children in Need and their Families, p. 13, 1. 45) Stephanie and Stephen have rights and it is important that as a social worker I strive to ensure that they are treated as individuals and without discrimination and take full account their wishes, feelings and experiences.By not respecting the children and listening to them because of their age could be seen as discrimination, people are often discriminated because of age whether this being young or old, as social workers it is important that we apply anti-discriminatory practice at all times and to challenge others who discriminate against others. Section 12 of the United Nation Convention on the Right of the Child, (UNCRC) states, â€Å"Children and young people have a right to express a view about things that af fect them† (United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child)I would not withhold any knowledge that I believed may be beneficial to Stephanie and Stephen and their parents. The family may require legal advice and may need sign posting to other outside agencies that could offer independent advice and support. By withholding any information I run the chance of the family being oppressed and as a social worker this is something we would not do. â€Å"A social work practice that does not take account of oppression cannot be seen as good practice no matter how high its standards in other respects. † (Thompson, N. 2000) pg11) For children to enjoy and achieve they need to attend school, this will give them the chance to reach their full potential and the opportunity to improve their life chances. It is the parent’s responsibility to ensure that Stephanie and Stephen attend school. â€Å"The law requires parents to make sure their children receive a full-time educa tion suitable to their needs. For most children this means attending school regularly. As a last resort, schools and local authorities have legal powers to deal with poor attendance. † (www. direct. gov. uk)Stephanie has also told the school that she and her brother are often left home alone. The law of the Government in the UK does not have an age limit for leaving children alone. To ensure they are safe, I would need to explore the level of understanding and maturity of both children, the Children and Young Person’s Act 1993, â€Å"parents in England and Wales can be prosecuted for wilful neglect if they leave a child unsupervised in a manner likely to cause unnecessary suffering or harm to health† (Children and Young Person Act 1993) The other issues of the cooking and home conditions would be explored.It might be that Stephanie likes to cook and this has been her choice, but I would need to ensure this was not something she was being made to do and it is agai n safe for her to do and are they having a healthy diet. The home conditions will be something I will be taking notice of during the visit. Not everyone has the same standards of living and what one person sees as unacceptable is not necessarily the case. Is the home weather proof and free from damp and cold, is it free of hazards, such as syringes left around or illegal substances, is the home clean enough to prevent any infection of any kind.The visit could result in a number of finding and each one is different: It could be as simple as I have found no concerns and no further action is needed. (NFA) Section 17 Children Act 1989- Child in Need Section 47 Children Act 1989-Duty to investigate- Section 31 Children Act 1989-Interim Care Order Section 20- Accommodated- Section 44- Emergency Protection Order So as you can see there is no way of saying which way a assessment will turn out, every case should be treated individually. In conclusion to this essay, I have discovered the impo rtance of understanding the laws that surrounds child protection.Child protection is very complex and our service will not always be welcomed by service users, but it is hoped that through good practice and guidance of the laws, Framework Assessment and Working Together to safeguard children, we are able to keep families together and only remove children as a last resort. It is however evident that this will not always be the case and children will have to be removed against their wishes and the wishes of their families but as it is important that the child remains the focus and in the centre at all times.I managed to establish the significance of practicing anti-discriminative and anti- oppressive practice whilst promoting the rights of children. Families will no doubt feel powerless within this situation and we must continue to empower them at all times. Social Workers are inclined only to get the bad press, but can they win the vote of the public? Time will tell so for ++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++now; we are damned if we do and damned if we don’t. + – .