Classical Essays - Behaviorism, Learning, Experimental Psychology

Old style What's more, Operant Conditioning Old style molding and operant molding are diverse learning strategies. The two strategies share the word molding practically speaking. What is molding? Molding is the procurement of explicit examples of conduct in the nearness of all around characterized improvements. Both old style and operant molding are essential structures of learning. Traditional molding is a sort of learning wherein a life form figures out how to move a characteristic reaction starting with one improvement then onto the next, already nonpartisan boost. This is finished by controlling reflexes. Operant molding is a kind of learning wherein the probability of a conduct is expanded or diminished by the utilization of support or discipline. Operant molding bargains with progressively intellectual perspective. These two types of learning have likenesses and contrasts. Their likenesses are that the two of them produce essential wonders. One such marvel is obtaining. The two kinds of molding bring about the legacy of a conduct. One of the most celebrated of analyses that delineates traditional molding is Pavlov's Dogs. In this test, Pavlov sat behind a single direction reflect and controlled the introduction of a chime. The ringer was the molded upgrade. An adapted improvement was an initially nonpartisan improvement that could in the long run produce an ideal reaction when introduced alone. Straightforwardly after the ringing of the ringer, Pavlov gave the canine food. The food was the unconditioned improvement. This implies the food caused an wild reaction at whatever point it was introduced alone. That reaction would be the salivation of the canine. A cylinder that was in the canine's mouth at that point estimated the spit. At the point when the unconditioned upgrade (US) was matched with an adapted upgrade (CS), it in the end brought about a molded reaction. Eradication results if there is a decline in recurrence or quality of an educated reaction because of the inability to keep on blending the US and the CS. Elimination can likewise happen in operant molding. The way to operant molding is support. Support is the point at which an improvement is introduced that builds the likelihood that the first reaction will repeat later on. On the off chance that fortification is retained, termination will happen in operant molding. Another factor that is engaged with molding is unconstrained recuperation. That is the return of an quenched reaction after the progression of time, moving forward without any more preparing. On the off chance that Pavlov's pooches didn't hear the chime for a couple of years, and if when they heard it later they slobbered, it would be a case of unconstrained recuperation. Something comparative happens with operant molding. In the event that a creature was molded to carry on in a specific estate, yet then their fortification was halted, that creature may still have a response to the improvement at an a lot later date. Living beings that are being molded through operant or old style molding can experience something that is known as improvement speculation. This is when there is a move of an educated reaction to various however comparative boosts. A model would be in the event that one of Pavlov's mutts salivated to the sound of a chime that was unique in relation to the one that they were initially adapted with. Boost separation is another wonders that happens with traditional and operant molding. Separation is the point at which a living being figures out how to react to just one improvement and repress the reaction to every different boost. It is the converse of speculation. In the event that a living being hears various sounds, yet is just given fortification for reacting to just one of the sounds, it figures out how to separate between the sounds. A portion of the contrasts among operant and old style molding lie in the degree to which fortification relies upon the conduct of the student. In old style molding, the student is consequently fortified. That is the way it figures out how to react to a once impartial improvement. In operant molding, the student must give a right reaction so as to gotten the fortification. Another distinction between the two types of molding is the kind of conduct to which every technique applies. Old style molding applies to a conduct that is constantly needed. It was Pavlov's reason to have the canines salivate on order. In operant molding, a conduct can be learned or doused. On the off chance that you needed to prepare a pooch not to do something, you would utilize a type of discipline. Old style and operant molding are comparative, however they do vary in a couple of ways. Both are decently solid approaches to show a living being to act in a particular estate.

Charities free essay sample

The lawful meaning of noble cause has truly been to some degree tricky and stands unmistakable from any comprehension of good cause in a general or well known sense. As Lord Wright watched, in its lawful sense the word â€Å"charitable is an expression of workmanship, of exact and specialized meaning†[1]. Viscount Simmonds further commented that, â€Å"no thorough meaning of lawful cause has been given either by governing body or in legal articulation, there is no restriction to the number and decent variety of manners by which man will look to profit his individual men†. The Preamble to the Charitable Uses Act 1601, additionally alluded to as the Statute of Elizabeth I, contained a rundown of purposes which were then viewed as magnanimous. It expected a focal job for the courts as a source of perspective point or list of acknowledged occasions of good cause until right around 300 years after the fact when Lord MacNaughten in the Pemsel case, broadly grouped beneficent articles into four head divisions: (I) trusts for the alleviation of destitution, (ii) trusts for the headway of training, (iii) trusts for the progression of religion, (iv) confides in advantageous to the network not falling under any of the former heads. We will compose a custom paper test on Good cause or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These four heads of good cause were utilized as reference at whatever point the inalienable magnanimous nature of a reason or establishment was addressed until the Charities Act 2006 got imperial consent. Segment 2(2) of the 2006 Act presently gives a cutting edge legal meaning of good cause by posting 13 depictions of purposes regarded altruistic at law. So as to be magnanimous, an association must be built up for at least one purposes inside the depictions perceived by the law as fit for being altruistic, and for the open advantage. Good cause law in England and Wales includes created inside the setting of the conventional monotheistic religions yet it has grasped for a long time religions other than Christianity and Judaism. In Bowman[3], Lord Parker adequately held that it was not simply the advancement of Christianity that would be perceived yet that the Courts of this nation were not blocked â€Å"from offering impact to trusts for the motivations behind religions which, anyway sacrosanct they might be to a great many His Majestys subjects, either preclude reality from securing Christianity or, at any rate, don't acknowledge a portion of its central doctrines†. Besides in the Commission’s Scientology[4] choice it was immovably settled that â€Å"The law doesn't incline toward one religion to another and as between religions the law stands neutral†[5]. The English courts have, for quite a while, opposed intently characterizing what makes some conviction frameworks strict and others not. Anyway in the Scientology case, the Commissioners acknowledged that there are different qualities of religion which can be observed from the lawful specialists: †¢ Belief in a divine being or a god or preeminent being †R v Registrar General[6] †¢ Two of the fundamental properties of religion are confidence and love: confidence in a divine being and love of that god South Place Ethical Society[7] †¢ To propel religion implies â€Å"to advance it, to spread the message ever more extensive among humanity; to find a way to continue and increment strict conviction and these things are done in an assortment of ways which might be completely portrayed as peaceful and missionary†. Joined Grand Lodge v Holborn BC[8]. Having thought about these qualities, the Commissioners presumed that the meaning of a religion in English foundation law was described by a faith in a preeminent being and an outflow of that conviction through love. This definition is additionally refined in the 2006 Act where s2 (3) a gives a halfway meaning of the word religion. In any case, the law doesn't naturally perceive as a religion everything that may assign itself as a religion and there are a few standards to which a reason must adjust on the off chance that it is to be viewed as inside the Charities Act’s portrayal of ‘the headway of religion’. These general standards are assembled from the customary law of England and Wales yet in addition consider the collection of law which has created concerning the European Convention right to opportunity of thought, inner voice and religion. As a general suggestion, for its headway to be fit for being beneficent in this unique situation, a religion ought to have a specific degree of cogency, reality, soundness and importance[9]. Additionally, so as to be magnanimous for the progression of religion, the substance of any arrangement of confidence and love must be of a positive sort, affecting usefully on the network. Sir John Wickens, V-C. in Cocks v Manners[10] watched: â€Å"It is stated, in a portion of the cases, that strict intentions are altruistic, however that must be valid as to strict administrations tending straightforwardly or in a roundabout way towards the guidance or the illumination of the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Consequently, to be magnanimous a strict reason must be not kidding, tend straightforwardly or by implication to the good and profound improvement of general society just as being for the open advantage. In Holmes v Attorney General[11] Walton J remarked: â€Å"†¦ It isn't to help the disciples of the religion themselves that the law gives beneficent status, it is in light of a legitimate concern for people in general. † Hence, as a general recommendation, on account of foundation for the headway of religion the reason must not just be to serve the supporters of the specific religion. Some time ago, the suggestion expressed that â€Å"as between various religions the law stands impartial, however it expect that any religion is in any event prone to be better than none†[12]. Cultivator J in Re Watson[13] considered a case for the distribution and conveyance of the fundamentalist Christian works of a person where he cited authority that the court doesn't incline toward one religion or group to another and said that where the reasons being referred to are of a strict sort then the court accept an open advantage except if the opposite is shown†. He at that point proceeded to state that the main method of refuting an open advantage is to show that the conventions instilled are unfavorable to the very establishments of all religion, and that they are incendiary of all profound quality. In any case, that piece of the judgment being conflicting with the judgment of the court of bid and assessments given by the House of Lords in Gilmour v Coats, where it was held: â€Å"†¦the question whether a trust is advantageous to people in general is an altogether extraordinary one from the inquiry whether a trust is for the progression of religion†, it isn't respected an authoritative. Since the Charities Act 2006, there is not, at this point any assumption that, on the grounds that a reason falls inside the portrayal â€Å"the headway of religion†, it is for the open advantage. Area 3(2) of the Act gives: â€Å"In deciding if [the open benefit] prerequisite is fulfilled according to any †¦purpose, it isn't to be assumed that a reason for a specific depiction is for the open benefit†. Subsequently, with the expulsion of the assumption and in the cutting edge setting the recommendation may now be deciphered as implying that propelling religion can be viewed as an open decent if such headway can be exhibited to be corresponding to a framework having a favorable and positive substance which is being progressed to support people in general. Throughout the years, there are a few purposes which, regardless of being useful and strict and undoubtedly genuinely strict, didn't fall inside the legitimate structure. For instance, encouraging private devotion, in spite of the fact that being a strict action, is certainly not an altruistic reason because of the nonattendance helpful for people in general. In Cocks v Manners[14] (supra) it was said that â€Å"a intentional relationship of ladies to work out their own salvation by strict activities and abstinence appears to have none of the imperatives of a beneficent organization. † In the Re Joy[15] case it was held that the genuine item mulled over by the deceased benefactor was the non-beneficent motivation behind progress of the enrollment of a general public by petition. Further, in Re White[16], it was held that â€Å"a society for the advancement of private petition and commitments by its own individuals and which has no more extensive degree, no open component, and no reason for general utility would not be charitable†. Ruler Simonds in the Gilmour[17] case later affirmed the choice in Cocks v Manners and said that exercises â€Å"good in themselves however exclusively intended to profit people related to make sure about that advantage, which might not have a few repercussions or noteworthy impacts helpful to some segment of the general community† don't meet the essentials of an altruistic establishment. In Re Warre’s Will Trusts, on the matter of a retreat house, Harman J stated: â€Å"Activities which don't in any capacity influence the general population or any area of it are not beneficent. Devout examination and supplication are, no uncertainty, useful for the spirit, and might be of advantage by some intercessory procedure, of which the law fails to acknowledge, yet they are not altruistic exercises. † Thus, in Re Hetherington[18] it was held that the festival of a strict ritual in private doesn't contain the essential component of open advantage since any advantage of petition or model is unequipped for verification in the legitimate sense and any component of profound or good improvement (illumination) is restricted to a private not open class of those present at the festival. Notwithstanding, in a similar case it was additionally held that the holding of a strict assistance which is available to people in general is fit for giving a â€Å"sufficient open advantage in view of the enlightening and improving impact of such celebrat

How to convert Blu-ray to MP4 [GUIDE]

How to convert Blu-ray to MP4 [GUIDE] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How to convert Blu-ray to MP4? [GUIDE]Updated On 02/01/2018Author : Ram kumarTopic : Web AppsShort URL : https://hbb.me/2Dm3XY1 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWondering how to convert Blu-ray to MP4? Well if the answer is yes then we are here to help you out. On the internet, there are quite a lot of applications available that lets you get done with the job. Some of the applications are available for free and some application comes with a license key. Talking about the free applications, well most of such application comes with a free trial like you can convert only 50MB of the file or you can use the software 20 times. Hence it becomes a pain in the ass to work with such freebies applications.However, apart from such free applications, there are so many applications available and one of them is the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper. The application comes with a trial version as well as a premium version. If we talk about its features, Well with the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper software you will not just be able to convert Blu-ray to MP4. But the application allows you convert the Blu-ray disk in 180 different media file formats. Including 4K, 1080p, 720P and so on, you can also convert the files in mp3, AAC, FLV, FLAC and so on. As the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper supports too many file format hence it becomes easy to run the converted files on different media player platforms. Such as you can play the converted media on your iPhone or Android smartphone. You can also play the files on your Xbox or PlayStation. In simple words, no matter which device you are using the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper converted files will work on any device without any issues. Also, the application can be installed on different windows versions such as Windows XP, Windows 7, 8 and 10. You can also install the application on your Macbook.Now lets talk about how can you convert the files using the Lea wo Blu-ray Ripper. So in order to convert the files here are all the steps that you have to follow:How to convert Blu-ray to MP4:First of all, go to the official website by visiting www.leawo.org/blu-ray-ripper.Then click on the Buy Now button and process with the payment and download process. You can also try out the trial version, however, if you want to use the software quite often. Then it is advisable to buy the software.Once you have downloaded the file double click on it and proceed ahead with the installation process. Simply follow all the screen instructions and you will get done with the installation.Now launch the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper. Also in meanwhile insert the Blu-ray disk in the disk drive.Now you have to load the Blu-ray files so simply click on the “Add Blu-ray/DVD” button.Now click on the MP4 button, and select your preferred file format. For example Blu-ray to MP4.Now hit the Burn button and you are all set to convert your files.READSlideHunter.com: Boost You r Productivity With Free Editable Templates For PowerPointAlso, the company is running the Christmas and New Years special offers now. The interesting part of the offer is that you have to vote for your favourite superheroes and you can win the company’s Christmas New Year holiday gifts for totally free. There is also a chance that you will get holiday special products at 40% discount and maybe you will get $10 Amazon or iTunes Gift Card for free.Apart from this interesting offer, the company also running a few more discounts for some specific products which include the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper software. You can get the application at 20% off. Also, you will get a $10 Amazon gift card for free. Apart from the Leawo Blu-ray Ripper software, the company also running for the same offer for iTunes DRM Removal application. So just in case if you are interested in that offer as well. Then do not forget to check out the page. To get the offer you have to visit to the http://www.leawo.org/pr omotion/special-offer/ web page.Also if you have questions regarding the application then you can comment below and we will surely help you out.

The Use Of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy - 1716 Words

Gilberto Ledesma MCDB 146: Research Proposal June 8, 2015 For a mouse to be rendered immune to the HIV-1 virus, it must have eighty-percent of its CD34+ cells genetically modified. Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a global issue that has infected an estimated 35 million people living today1. The strain HIV-1 has been of experimental concern for years in hopes of a cure. This retrovirus directly infects the immune system by binding helper T-cells via the CD4 receptor. This allows for integration of the viral RNA into the T-cells, and causes the immune system to weaken by killing these immune cells. Advancements in research led to the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment, however this does not cure the patient of HIV but it suppresses the viral replication of HIV-1 to very low levels2. In 2009, forms of HIV therapy took a new direction when a patient with both leukemia and HIV was cured of the HIV-1 infection following CD34+ peripheral-blood stem cell transplantation for his acute myeloid leukemia. After screening of the donor’s CD34+ peripheral-blood stem cells, he was found homozygous for the CCR5 ∆32 allele. The patient was cured of HIV-1 because the CCR5 protein on the CD34+ cell functions as a secondary receptor for the integration of HIV-1 into T-cells, so the absence of this receptor blocks this action3. Following this discovery, researchers proposed that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) couldShow MoreRelatedTesting And Treatment Of Hiv 12811 Words   |  12 PagesRESULTS: A wide variety of articles were reviewed that adopted a number of different study designs for their research. A number of different experiments were also looked at which demonstrated how resistances to certain HIV-1 anti-retrovirals are arising. As presented in the appendix, this specific section will evaluate the results from many randomized control trials (RCTs), case control studies, prospective cohort studies with and without controls, retrospective cohort studies with and without controlsRead More Gene Therapy for Cancer Essay4395 Words   |  18 Pagesto treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped by these therapies may be treated by gene therapy. Gene therapy is the insertion of a functional gene into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or repair an acquired genetic abnormality, and to provide a new function to a cell. Two basic types of gene therapy have been applied to humans, germinal and somatic (1). Germinal gene therapy, which introduces transgenic cells into the germ line as well as intoRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Inhumane And Inhumane946 Words   |  4 Pagesthe very beginning of animal testing had it pretty rough, they didn’t have the pain killers and the anesthetics that we use today. The thalidomide disaster shows a need for more animal testing, not less. If thalidomide had been properly tested on pregnant animals its potential for causing severe birth defects would have been discovered before the drug became legal for human use. The testing on animals showed that the drug induced birth defects in mice, rats, hamsters, marmosets, baboons, and theRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesremains incurable with no effective vaccines in place, nonetheless measures have been put in place to curb its transmission (Munier et al, 2011). The introdu ction of antiretroviral therapy has triggered a decrease in replication of HIV in the infected host (Connor, et al., 1994). In 1996, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) was introduced and astonishingly decreased the HIV morbidity and mortality, however, its efficacy requires strict adherence to lifelong treatment (Mocroft, et al., 2003;Read MoreThe Epidemic Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus2912 Words   |  12 Pagestransmitted through the mixing of body fluids via sexual intercourse, use of un sanitized medical equipment, during birth and while breast feeding. HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4 cells, which is a specific type of white blood cell that plays a major role in helping your body fight disease. Your immune system weakens as more CD4 cells are killed. You can have an HIV infection for years before it progresses to AIDS (4). HIV also uses the CD4 cell to multiply, as shown on figure 2. The CD4 cellsRead MoreA Research Paper About Human Immunodeficiency Virus6608 Words   |  27 Pagesof mother-to-child transmission of HIV. As a result, the infant HIV infections began to fall in developed countries. In 1995, the Joint United Nations Program on AIDS or UNAIDS, was established. Combination antiretroviral treatment was shown to be highly effective against HIV in 1996. The next year, HIV/AIDS deaths began to decline in developed countries due to the new drugs. Brazil was the first developing country to begin providing free combination treatment. In 2002, the Global Fund was establishedRead MoreThe Prevention Of Infectious Disease1596 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined by diagnosis of an AIDS defining characteristic or a CD4 blood cell count of 200 cells/ µL. (Hare) Treatment options for Those Infected with HIV HIV is treated using a drug regimen known as HAART, which stands for Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. (Antiretroviral Therapy) This treatment consists of a personalized regimen of antiretroviral drugs that fall under five major categories, these categories are: Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Non-Nucleoside Reverse TranscriptaseRead More Tuberculosis is A Global Disease Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesby a number of factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, lack of health care, lack of knowledge, and new drug resistant strains. Globally, TB is second only to HIV/AIDS as a cause of illness and death of adults, accounting for nearly nine million cases of active disease and two million deaths every year (WHO declares TB an emergency in Africa Para 4). Microscopic droplets spread TB when an infected person talks, coughs, laughs, sneezes, or sings. It usually takes prolonged exposure with an infected personRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Disease1710 Words   |   7 Pagesultimately responsible for patient death (Farnham et al., 2013). Due to the spotlight that HIV/AIDS has received, and years of advancing research, what was previously a death sentence is now a chronic disease that can be managed with access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Though ART is not a cure for HIV/AIDS, it helps to lengthen and improve the quality of life for those who have access (Farnham et al., 2013). In comparison, infection with Ebola is typically very short in duration and has a much higherRead MoreHiv Introduction10077 Words   |  41 Pagesworlds 16.6 million children orphaned by HIV.[6] Treatment with antiretroviral drugs reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection.[8] Although antiretroviral medication is still not universally available, expansion of antiretroviral therapy programs since 2004 has helped to turn the tide of AIDS deaths and new infections in many parts of the world.[6] Intensified awareness and preventive measures, as well as the natural course of the epidemic, have also played a role. Nevertheless, an

Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson - 1964 Words

Jake Gallo Professor Underwood English 1B 4 May, 2016 Unassailable Truth in the Lottery Society can have a great effect on one’s actions and thoughts of truth. Some believe there is an idea of an unassailable truth, which is a truth that cannot be deemed false. This ideology is brought to the forefront in Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† (1948), a short story in which a small village of about 300 people stone one of their own each year as part of a cultural tradition. In this story the focus is on a woman named Tess Hutchinson, or â€Å"Tessie† is the victim of the stoning. To demonstrate the villager’s mentality towards the ottery a quote by the towns elder, Old Man Warner, gives his opinion on the lottery â€Å"Used to be a saying ‘Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon’ First thing you know, we’d all be eating chickweed and acorns. There’s always been a lottery.† (Jackson 262). There is another village addressed in this story, however it is briefly touched on and it is made aware to the reader that the other village has stopped participating in the lottery. The villagers have this mentality that the lottery should not be questioned, showing ignorance to all other alternatives and ending the lottery all together. Many analysts of â€Å"The Lottery† address tradition being shown in the story. In his article â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Literary Discourse and the Allegation of Feminism as Socio-Cultural Subversion in Mid-Twentieth Century America† (2011) Gustavo Vargas Cohen, a faculty member at theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson744 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† - For Analysis 1. There are multiple examples to suggest that â€Å"The Lottery† is a ritualistic ceremony. In several instances â€Å"The Lottery† is referred to as a ritual: â€Å"..so much of the ritual had been forgotten..† and â€Å"†¦because so much of the ritual had been forgotten†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In addition, the ceremony happens annually on June 27th, a t0:00 a.m., suggesting a ceremonial quality. This happens with such regularity that the citizens â€Å"†¦only half listened to the directions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This ceremonyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing other people may have a positive or negative effect, but when it reaches a certain point where you blindly follow others it may not have a positive outcome. â€Å"The Lottery† made by Shirley Jackson is about a small community of villagers that gather together every year to perform a tradition. All of the villagers gather together and draw small sl ips of paper from a black wooden box, whoever draws the first slip with the black dot on it, their family has to draw first. Now all of the membersRead More Analysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948. The story takes place in a village square of a town on June 27th. The author does not use much emotion in the writing to show how the barbaric act that is going on is look at as normal. This story is about a town that has a lottery once a year to choose who should be sacrificed, so that the town will have a plentiful year for growing crops. Jackson has many messages about human nature in this shortRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrateRead MoreEssay on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: an Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesKouyialis EN102: Composition II Professor Eklund The Lottery by Shirley Jackson: An Analysis The short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson was written in 1948 and takes place in a small town, on the 27th of June. In this story, the lottery occurs every year, around the summer solstice. All families gather together to draw slips of paper from a black box. When reading this story, it is unclear the full premise of the lottery until near the end. The heads of households are the firstRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1534 Words   |  7 Pages Literary Analysis: â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a short story written in 1948. Due to World War II ending around this time, her story took some strong criticism. The people at that time wanted uplifting stories, and this story is the very opposite because of its underlying theme of tradition and conformity. â€Å"The Lottery† shows that no matter the tradition or belief, people will not stray from their daily routine because humans are creatures of habitRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson773 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story, The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson, is about a small village or some type of society with a yearly tradition called, the lottery. From what the reader may read online, they may find out that during the time period Jackson wrote this, she was interested in magic and witchcraft. Not only that she was also rumored to have gotten rocks thrown at her by children who believed she was a witch. One may also say, that the story wa s absolutely unique and the ending completely shockingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1060 Words   |  5 Pagesthird point of view about other but our view are mostly to always limited, not knowing everything. In a story called â€Å"Charles† by Shirley Jackson, the author creates a limited first point of view of Laurels mother where the reader reads and understand only what Laurie’s mother understand and see. In the other story also written by Shirley Jackson called â€Å"The Lottery†, the story proceed at a limited third point of view where the reader understands more ideas. Although each storied have a differentRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish author, When we blindly adopt a religion, a political system, a literary dogma, we become automatons. We cease to grow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her s hort story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon of June 27. This event is said to be olderRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis802 Words   |  4 PagesIf everyone else was doing something, would you? Or maybe if someone needed to be stood up for, would you have their back? In The Lottery, people do follow other people blindly. And the consequences are devastating. But in First They Came, not having someone’s back might get you in the same position†¦ The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story that takes place in a small village on a warm summer day. Little boy’s run around in boisterous play, collecting small stones into a pile. As the adults gather

Sigmund Freud and Defense Mechanism Essays - 1302 Words

Sigmund Freud began studying human defense mechanisms in the late 1800s. His work became a solid foundation for the continued study into this topic for the last century, especially in regards to the work of his daughter, Anna Freud. Anna Freud believed that identifying a patient’s way of defending himself against his undesirable instincts would help psychotherapist discover the root of â€Å"unwelcome affects† (A. Freud, 1936, p. 32 via Sollod, Wilson and Monte, 2009, p. 199). Although there are a multitude of defense mechanisms to consider in psychoanalytic psychology, the five chosen for discussion include repression, denial, projection, displacement, and sublimation. The Harm in Use of Defense Mechanisms Indiscriminately The use of any one†¦show more content†¦This means that the individual experiencing repression is no longer aware at all of whatever experience or memory is being repressed. The individual is not consciously aware of its occurrence; it is the mind’s way of completely blocking out an experience in order to avoid anxiety. An example of repression is an individual who suffers from acrophobia who cannot remember when he became afraid of heights is experiencing repression of the memory of the anxiety-provoking occurrence with heights. Although repression is an extremely common defense mechanism, it is also a potentially extremely harmful defense as well. An article published in 2010 discusses a possible link between the indiscriminate use of the repressive defense mechanism in schizophrenic patients (Scholes Martin, 2010). The same article addresses that repressors tend to â€Å"overestimate their own level of physiological resilience† (Scholes Martin, 2010, p. 406). That tendency could potentially lead to issues in that the individual does not take necessary precautions to ensure their own good health and well being due to the belief that they are at less risk than they actually are. Denial Along with repression, denial is found to be another one of the most commonly used defense mechanisms in human behavior. Denial involves the â€Å"blocking of external events from entry into awareness† by â€Å"negating† possibly anxiousShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Defense Mechanisms1803 Words   |  8 PagesSigmund Freud: Defense Mechanisms   Sigmund Freud was a psychoanalytic theorist and practitioner who strongly emphasized   the unconscious processes and biological drives that guide our behavior.   He asserted that instincts are the propelling forces of our personality, and that they originate in the id (the unconscious part of our personality that works on the pleasure principle, and is a reservoir of our instincts and libido). In addition to the id, we have the ego (the conscious, rational side ofRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud: The Father of Psychoanalysis1580 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud, also known as the father of psychoanalysis, was born May 6th of 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia. A few years later he moved to Vienna, Austria and years after to England. Sigmund Freud was known for connecting psychological issues with sexual issues. Freud demonstrated a broad perspective on things involving dreams, religion, and cultural artifacts. He focused on different states of the mind, such as unconsciousnes s. Freud relied on a local sexual repression issue to create theoriesRead MoreAnna Freud1216 Words   |  5 PagesANNA FREUD Anna Freud Anna Freud Selecting a woman that made significant contributions to the field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950 is not an easy task as there is more than one woman who made significant contributions to the field of Psychology. Out of those talented women Anna Freud, overshadows her colleagues. Anna can be considered to have a fascinating background, which influenced her later development of unique theoretical perspectives. Her father, Sigmund Freud famousRead MoreSigmund Freuds Adventure672 Words   |  3 PagesSigmund Freud’s Adventure Have you ever heard of Sigmund Freud? If not then, he is the one who is well known as the father of Psychoanalysis. Freud was one of the modern-day psychologist, he prepared a technique for understanding the human behavior, and the effort resulted a complete theory of personality and psychotherapy ever developed. Freud is the firstborn in his family of three boys and five girls. He was born in Freiberg, a rural town near Ostrau in northwestern Moravia. Freud had many interestsRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory And Depth Psychology1098 Words   |  5 Pagesessay, show your understanding of key Freudian concepts 20 pts. (2 pages) Sigmund Freud’s primary version of psychoanalytical theory presented in the late 19th century is one that has withstood the tests of time; with just a few exceptions. Freud’s psychoanalytical theory which is comprised of many of Freud’s very unique and great theories like the tripartite mind, psychosexual developmental stages, and defense mechanisms gave insight into the inner-workings of the mind that until then had not yetRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 Pages06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant.† (www.muskingumRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development1550 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this paper I take a look at the life and work of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. In his life Freud was a medical doctor, psychologist, physiologist, and an influential thinker. Freud is most known for his in depth exploration of the human mind. In this paper I take an in depth look at the life Freud lived, all the way from when he was born to when he tragically died. I also take a look at multiple influential theories he created which led to many different breakthroughRead MorePsy/250 Week 2 Psychoanalytical Personality Assessment Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagespsychologists Sigmund Freud, Alfred Alder, and Carl Jung. Sigmund Freud was one of the greatest psychologists in time he Alder and Jung’s theories were very similar but then again very different. Within these theories we will discuss characteristics with which I agree and disagree with, explore the stages of Freud’s theory explaining characteristics of personality using stage components and des cribe the uses of mechanisms using real life experiences. The hypothesis Sigmund Freud, Alfred AdlerRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MoreAnalysis Of Holden Uses Defense Mechanisms1157 Words   |  5 PagesConsequently, Holden uses defense mechanisms, â€Å"as a means of preventing anxiety that would result from conscious awareness of disturbing impulses, wishes, or ideas arising from the id,† (Nevid 471). Nevid explains that according to Freudian theory, defense mechanisms reside in the unconscious part of the human brain because if people were conscious of every single problem, people wouldn’t be able to function. Therefore, Holden is subconsciously utilizing defense mechanisms in order to shield himself

Business Law The Administrative Assistants

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for The Administrative Assistants. Answer: 1. Issue Tenders were called for by the University of Millennia for the supply of green seed for the surroundings. The last date of submitting the tenders was 1st June. Three tenders were submitted by three parties Greenland, Enviro and Plant Forever. The tender of Greenland was delivered in hand and was put into the tender box on 29 May. The tender of Enviro has been posted on May 15 but the University received it on May 17. One of the administrative assistants filed it with a thought of putting the tender in the box later as it was submitted very early. Plant Forevers tender was posted on May 30. The letter has been put into the tender box although it has been received on June 2. The tender of Enviro was containing attracting characteristics but it was not considered as the assistant forgot the place where she had filed it and got after one week of making decision. Because of the general talk that is made of the uncertain activity of Greenland, Plant Forever got the contract. The letter tha t was sent to Plant Forever by the University to inform them about the contract, did not reach to them. A postal worker who has been made redundant has destroyed it. Plant Forever has entered into some other contract as no information has been provided to them. Later on the University came to know about the situation of Enviro and Plant Forever. Rule This case is covered by the contract law. A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by law. To make a contract there must be certain condition that needs to be fulfilled, (Lawhandbook, 2016). The most important condition that needs to be fulfilled is offer and acceptance. An offer and acceptance alone has got no power, they alone cannot lead to form a contract. But offer and acceptance together can make a contract that has got legal capacity and form a legal relation. Application In this case the University has made an invitation to offer by giving call for tender for supply of green seed. The three parties Greenland, Enviro and Plant Forever have made an offer to the University by posting their tenders by the mentioned time. It depends on the University to accept the offer of any one of them. In case of Greenland, the tender or offer provided by them was second lowest but as the University did not accept its offer due to the rumors, no contract has been made between them. The tender of Enviro, i.e., the offer was the lowest and attractive but since it was not found by the administrative assistant at the time of making the decision, its offer was not accepted by the University. Therefore, no contract exists between them. The University at last accepted the offer made by Plant Forever and posted a letter of acceptance to them that was duly addressed. It did not get the letter due to the postal agent although it was a legal acceptance. In the meantime, Plane Forever has entered into another contract which states that no contract has taken place. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that no contractual relationship has been taken place between the University and any of the parties who made the offer. Greenlands offer was not accepted by the University, Enviros offer was not found by the Administration. The acceptance was made to the offer of Plant Forever through. But since the acceptance was not in the knowledge of Plant Forever and it entered into another contract, no contractual relation exist between them. 2. Issue Footloose Pty Ltd has made an advertisement in the newspaper that latest summer collection of shoes, wedge heels and the new slingback sandals from Italy is ready to get delivered. The price of the shoes starts from per hundred pairs $2000 and other discounts for bulk order will be negotiated. Ms Simone is to be contacted for any queries. Famous Footwear on 2 October faxed Ms Simon where it has ordered at $2000 per hundred pairs 500 pairs. James is the owner of the James Shoes, shoe retailer and also had several regional stores in Australia. He on October 4 by sending fax to Simone has made an offer by willing to buy slingback sandals 2000 pairs. The price offered by them was $30,000 including the delivery and GST. Ms Simone on October 6 send a fax to James that Footloose is ready to sell the slingback sandals for the offered price but will not include delivery. James on October 8 sent a mail to Simone of accepting the offer made by Simone and wanted to know the date of delivery. Aft er a discussion on 10 October both the parties agreed to the conditions and Footlose will deliver the sandals to James from Sydney warehouse on November 1. Rule This case also is covered under the rule of offer and acceptance, which is an essential condition to make an agreement between the parties and will lead to the formation of a contract. This is guided by the Law of Contract. Offer and acceptance go parallel to each other. Offer and acceptance both can be in an expressed or implied form which means it should either in written form or is understood by the action of the party respectively. An offer or acceptance can be revoked anytime, which means that an offer may come to an end and can no longer be open to any acceptance under certain circumstances like expiry of reasonable and specified time, because of insanity or death, counter offer, refusal etc. Likewise, acceptance can also be revoked under certain circumstances like revoking any acceptance made to an offer before it is passed or communicated to the other party but not afterwards. Here, in this case only one case is applicable for revocation, counter offer. Counter offer is an of fer that is made by the second party against the original offer made by the first party. The original offer comes to an end once a counter offer is made, (Clarke, 2016). Application It is very clear that an invitation to offer has been made by Footloose Pty Ltd by giving an advertisement in the newspaper on October 1. The advertisement made was to avail the latest summer collection of shoes, wedges and slingback sandals at $2000 per hundred pairs and other discounts for bulk order. On 2 October, Famous footwear has made an offer against the advertisement to Footloose by ordering 500 pairs of shoes at the rate of $2000 per hundred pairs. But no response has been provided to them by Ms Simone who is supposed to have answer to their offer. Therefore, no acceptance has been made on the part of Footloose for the offer made by the Famous footwear. Since no offer and acceptance is made no legal effect is present in this communication. James on 4 October has made an offer of purchasing 2000 pairs of slingback sandals at $30,000 which will also include the delivery charges and GST. In respect of this offer Ms Simone on 6 October make an offer of selling the said number of sandals at the said price but excluding the delivery charges. This offer was accepted by James and the sandals were to be delivered by Footloose from Sydney warehouse on November 1. Therefore, there has been made a contract as there is an offer and acceptance. But the original offer has been revoked by Footloose. Conclusion From the statements made here, it is concluded that there is no existence of any legal acceptance of Footloose to the offer made by Famous footwear. In case of Jamess Shoes, the original offer has been revoked by Footloose. James has accepted the second offer that is, counter offer was made to him by Ms Simone and they form a contract. But as per contract law, once the counter offer is made, the original offer comes to an end. Therefore, the contract form is out of counter offer and not the original offer. 3. Issue Richard Anderson works in Cube Laboratory Pty Ltd and is a talented chemist. The lab has been working successfully by receiving government contracts and other research grants. He was under working under 5 year contract that was about to expire on June 30. Richard was chosen for the position of chief chemist by headhunters at a rival lab. If he accepts this job, he will have to transfer to some other place with his family. His wife will have to look for a new job and his children will have to change their school. Richard on 1 March went to Warren who was the chief chemist of Cube to let him have the knowledge of the conversation between him and the headhunters. He told Warren that the offer is attractive but he does not want his wife and children to face problem in course of relocation. Warren told Richard of his being the teams important part. Because of him Cube has got many success and they are interested to carry on the same. By these words Richard thought that Cube wants to exten d the contract. He called the headhunters and refused their proposal and went on working with the Cube and did not discuss about the matter any further. On June 25 Warren told Richard that there was some liquidity problem and that Cube was cutting of the job of number of staffs and asked them to go. Richard got upset and started finding a job but unfortunately found a job at a university. His salary was less but his wife and children are continuing with the same job and they did not have to relocate. Rule Here also, the whole situation is covered by the law of contract and the rule of offer and acceptance. An invitation of offer has been made by a party. The one interested will make an offer and if liked the offer will be accepted by the other party who has given the invitation. The other rule applicable in this case is the termination of a contract, (Legalmatch, 2016). Breach of contract has also taken place for which the aggrieved party can claim damages under specific performance. Application In this case, Richard has been working with the Cube Laboratory Pty Ltd under a contract of five year that was about to expire on 30 June. In February, he was approached by the headhunters for the position of chief chemist in a rival lab of Cube, which means an offer has been made by the headhunters. Richard found the invitation attractive but he does not want to relocate his children and wife. Therefore, no acceptance was till now and it was kept aside. Richard told Warren about the offer. Warren told him that he was an important part of the team and the lab has got a great success and they want to take it ahead. By this Richard thought that his contract will be extended by them. But here, no specific words or terms or expression have been used, rather an implied offer has been made. Richard thought it to be great and carried on work with them. He refused the offer of the headhunters. But on June 25, that is five days before the termination of the contract he was forced to move out of the lab due to liquidity issues. This was a breach of both the contract, one which was existing contract of five years and the other is the implied contract made before the expiry of the original contract. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that a breach of contract has taken place that has caused a huge damage to Richard since he has refused the offer the made by the headhunters and also that he was forced to move out from Cube before the expiry of the five-year contract. He found a job at university where the salary is very much less than what he used to get. Therefore, he can claim damages from the Cube for the special damage caused to him due to the breach, (JEC, 2016). Reference Clarke, J., 2016. Australian Contract Law. [Online] Available at: www.australiancontractlaw.com [Accessed 26 November 2016]. JEC, 2016. Remedies for breach of contract. [Online] Available at: jec.unm.edu/./contract-law-tutorial/remedies-for-breach-of-contract [Accessed 26 November 2016]. Lawhandbook, 2016. Elements of Contract. [Online] Available at: www.lawhandbook.org.au Contents [Accessed 26 November 2016]. Legalmatch, 2016. types of damages. [Online] Available at: www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/types-of-damages-available [Accessed 26 November 2016].